Elife:慢性压力导致的不孕不育或有新治疗方法

2015-01-19 王英 生物通

最近,美国加州大学伯克利分校的科学家发现,慢性压力可激活一种激素,该激素可在压力结束很久后降低生育能力,而阻断这一激素可使雌性生殖行为恢复到正常。 虽然实验室在大鼠中进行的,但是研究人员乐观地认为,阻断这个激素(称为促性腺激素抑制激素,GnIH)的编码基因,可以帮助雌性克服压力所致的负面生殖影响。 压力被认为是当今高水平不孕不育的一个主要因素:30岁以下的健康夫妇当中,大约有四分之

最近,美国加州大学伯克利分校的科学家发现,慢性压力可激活一种激素,该激素可在压力结束很久后降低生育能力,而阻断这一激素可使雌性生殖行为恢复到正常。

虽然实验室在大鼠中进行的,但是研究人员乐观地认为,阻断这个激素(称为促性腺激素抑制激素GnIH)的编码基因,可以帮助雌性克服压力所致的负面生殖影响。

压力被认为是当今高水平不孕不育的一个主要因素:30岁以下的健康夫妇当中,大约有四分之三在头三个月的备孕过程中遇到麻烦,而有15%的夫妇则在一年后都无法怀孕。

综合生物学副教授Daniela Kaufer说:“绝对令人惊讶的是,一个单一基因可控制这个复杂的生殖系统,而且你可以优雅地敲除这个基因,并完全改变生殖状态。”

15年前,研究人员在鹌鹑中发现了GnIH,并发现它是生育力的一个强大抑制因子。其哺乳动物等效因子RFRP(RFamide相关肽),在2009年由加州大学伯克利分校综合生物学副教授George Bentley分离出来。

Bentley和Kaufer后来发现,将雄性大鼠暴露于压力,可增加其大脑中的RFRP产量。新的研究发现,压力对雌性大鼠生育力有相似的负面影响,但慢性压力所致的RFRP水平升高,可在雌性中持续更久的时间(较雄性)。加州大学伯克利分校的三个实验室参与了这项研究,该研究是由研究生Anna Geraghty和本科生Sandra Muroy完成。

Kaufer说:“GnIH似乎是主要因素,因为它在压力结束后的整个发情周期内在大脑下丘脑中的水平升高。当我们降低GnIH的水平时,我们能够使所有的生殖行为恢复到正常。”

Bentley说:“我们知道,人类GnIH存在于人脑和性腺中,而且它能抑制人类卵巢中的类固醇生产,所以我们一定有可能通过操纵它来解决人类不孕问题。”

研究人员将这项研究发表在2015年1月13日的eLife杂志。

释放压力以允许圈养繁殖

敲除GnIH有可能提高被俘获动物的繁殖成功率,特别是那些在野外有灭绝威胁的动物,Bentley对此也感到非常的兴奋。

Bentley说:“我们认为,由于慢性低水平的压力,很多野生鸟类和脊椎动物肯定不能被部分地圈养。仅仅糖皮质激素应激激素的慢性轻度升高,就可能会影响GnIH系统并抑制生殖,并足以阻止雌性的正常排卵。”

通过基因疗法阻断GnIH基因,可能减轻这种慢性压力源。他和Kaufer也参与尝试,提高哺乳动物的RFRP激素,以在野生动物中诱导永久不育,而无需捕捉和结扎它们。

他说:“如果GnIH所扮演的角色是,将压力整合进生殖轴的一种基本机制,那么我们认为,我们可以扭转这种局面,在大脑和性腺中超表达RFRP,并在有害物种或野猫野狗中引起不育。”

压力和生育力

压力对生殖的影响被认为是自适应的,防止在饥荒或社会混乱时期新出生胎儿。慢性压力可降低雄性和雌性的性冲动,也会影响雌性怀孕以及携带胎儿的能力。甚至,尝试怀孕的压力有可能降低雌性怀孕的机会。关于很多夫妇因不能生育而收养子女之后又突然怀孕的故事有很多。

为了检测慢性压力对雌性大鼠的影响,Geraghty每天禁锢雌性大鼠3个小时,持续18天,然后让这些大鼠放松4天的时间——大鼠典型的发情期,类似于人类女性的28天月经周期。在这一无压力间断期结束的时候,大鼠的皮质醇水平恢复正常,但抑制激素(称为RFRP3)水平仍然升高。

Kriegsfeld说:“即使慢性压力消失,应激激素皮质醇的水平已恢复正常,我们仍然能看到生殖行为的减弱:正常大鼠中的妊娠率为80% ,而这些已从压力恢复的大鼠妊娠率则为20%。”这20%的大鼠即使真的怀孕了,胎儿在胚胎期流产的发生率也会增加。

然后,Geraghty使用Kriegsfeld实验室开发的一种病毒载体,将RFRP基因的一种RNA拮抗剂传递到大脑,在慢性压力过程中这会使肽激素水平降低约75%。在压力结束后她使该基因恢复正常,以防它在怀孕期间也发挥作用。

Geraghty说:“在慢性压力期间降低RNA传递,使所有后续的生殖行为恢复到正常:交配行为、妊娠率和胚胎吸收量均恢复到正常。”

原始出处:

Geraghty AC1, Muroy SE1, Zhao S2, Bentley GE1, Kriegsfeld LJ2, Kaufer D1.Knockdown of hypothalamic RFRP3 prevents chronic stress-induced infertility and embryo resorption.Elife. 2015 Jan 12;4. doi: 10.7554/eLife.04316.

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    2015-05-21 clmlylxy
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    2015-12-16 膀胱癌
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有些人比其他人更能应对压力情况,并不完全是因为遗传学因素,即使同卵双胞胎在应对压力方面也存在差异。 最近,研究人员在基因完全相同的小鼠大脑中,发现了一种特殊的电模式,可预测动物如何很好地应对压力情况。相关研究结果发表在2014年7月29日的 Nature Communications 杂志,可能最终会帮助研究人员在易于出现精神障碍的人当中,预防潜在的慢性压力的后果,例如创伤应激

JNNP:慢性压力或导致中风风险升高

近日,刊登在国际著名杂志Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry上的一篇研究报告指出,由主要生活压力和A型人格特质引发的慢性压力和高风险的中风直接相关。慢性压力,已经表明的对于应激物所产生的身体或精神上的压力,如果持续长达6个月以上,便会增加患者患心脏疾病的风险,但是对于产生中风的风险便不得而知。 研究小组对150个,平均年龄为54岁的成年

Nat Med:慢性压力危害心血管系统

人们常常说:“冷静下来,否则你会得心脏病。”这是有一定原因的。慢性压力——如工作、金钱或人际关系问题带来的压力,有可能会增加心脏病发作的风险。目前,研究人员通过对忙碌的医生和疲倦的啮齿动物进行研究,从生理水平上,解释了为什么长期的压力会危害心血管系统。他们建议,这项研究围绕着进入血液循环的免疫细胞开展。 长期性压力会引起血管内动脉粥样硬化斑块发生“危险的”变化 图片来源:PI