Dev Cell:神经元电活动可以调控静息态小胶质细胞运动

2013-01-23 中科院上海生科院神经所 Dev Cell

来自中科院上海生科院神经所的研究人员采用活体共聚焦和双光子成像等多种技术,发现了静息态小胶质细胞与神经元之间的双向功能调节,这首次证明了神经元电活动可以调控静息态小胶质细胞的运动,并揭示了小胶质细胞对神经元活动的稳态调节,为神经-免疫交叉领域提供了新的研究思路。相关成果公布在Developmental Cell杂志上。 文章的通讯作者是上海生科院神经所杜久林研究员,其早年毕业于中国科学技术大学,

来自中科院上海生科院神经所的研究人员采用活体共聚焦和双光子成像等多种技术,发现了静息态小胶质细胞与神经元之间的双向功能调节,这首次证明了神经元电活动可以调控静息态小胶质细胞的运动,并揭示了小胶质细胞对神经元活动的稳态调节,为神经-免疫交叉领域提供了新的研究思路。相关成果公布在Developmental Cell杂志上。

文章的通讯作者是上海生科院神经所杜久林研究员,其早年毕业于中国科学技术大学,之后曾在东京大学,和美国加州大学伯克利分校分子与细胞生物学系进行研究工作。主要研究方向是多信道感觉整合与行为的神经机制,以及神经活动对血液循环系统的调节机制。这项研究得到了科技部973计划和重大科学研究计划、中国科学院“百人计划”、上海市“浦江人才”计划和基础研究重大项目等基金资助。

小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中重要的免疫效应细胞。在病理状态下,小胶质细胞会迅速的激活,变成阿米巴形态,迁移并参与到一系列免疫反应及组织修复过程中。在生理状态下,小胶质细胞处于“静息”状态,在保持胞体位置不变的同时伴随着许多细胞突起不断地伸缩以探寻周围的环境。长期以来,关于静息态小胶质细胞的作用以及它与环境中神经元发生紧密接触的功能意义所知甚少。

在该项研究中,研究人员以斑马鱼为模式动物,运用活体共聚焦和双光子成像、谷氨酸解笼锁技术、活体电生理记录、荧光能量共振转移成像等方法,发现了静息态小胶质细胞与神经元之间的双向功能调节。

他们首先在斑马鱼幼鱼中同时对小胶质细胞形态以及神经元电活动进行长时程在体成像观察,发现神经元电活动升高可以吸引静息态小胶质细胞的突起朝向电活动高的神经元运动并且促进它们之间形成紧密接触。在这个过程中,神经元表达的Pannexin-1通道以及小胶质细胞中的Rac蛋白起到至关重要的作用。

研究人员还进一步研究发现,这种静息态小胶质细胞和神经元间的紧密接触可以反过来下调被接触神经元的自发性电活动以及视觉反应。这项工作首次证明了神经元电活动可以调控静息态小胶质细胞的运动,并揭示了小胶质细胞对神经元活动的稳态调节,为神经-免疫交叉领域提供了新的研究思路。

上海生科院神经所近期还在PNAS杂志上发表文章,深入剖析了一种复杂的视觉神经过程,指出真实运动能影响大脑皮层对双稳态视运动作出的应答反应,这将有助于进一步探索视觉神经作用机制。

研究人员利用电压敏感性染料成像(voltage-sensitive dye,VSD)技术,在清醒小鼠中检测初级视皮层(V1)的时空活动。

结果他们发现,一个短暂的真实运动刺激能瞬时影响皮层,对随后的朝着代表真实运动的时空模式视运动,作出应答。而且研究人员也对麻醉小鼠进行了分析,V1神经元的细胞内记录也表明,在代表实际运动途径的神经元中,出现了一个相似的阈下去极化增长。研究人员认为这种早期视觉环路中的短期可塑性,也许有助于双稳态视觉的启动效应。

DOI:10.1016/j.devcel.2012.10.027
PMC:
PMID:

Reciprocal Regulation between Resting Microglial Dynamics and Neuronal Activity In Vivo

Ying Li, Xu-fei Du, Chang-sheng Liu, Zi-long Wen, Jiu-lin Du

Microglia are the primary immune cells in the brain. Under physiological conditions, they typically stay in a resting state, with ramified processes continuously extending to and retracting from surrounding neural tissues. Whether and how such highly dynamic resting microglia functionally interact with surrounding neurons are still unclear. Using in vivo time-lapse imaging of both microglial morphology and neuronal activity in the optic tectum of larval zebrafish, we found that neuronal activity steers resting microglial processes and facilitates their contact with highly active neurons. This process requires the activation of pannexin-1 hemichannels on neurons. Reciprocally, such resting microglia-neuron contact reduces both spontaneous and visually evoked activities of contacted neurons. Our findings reveal an instructive role for neuronal activity in resting microglial motility and suggest the function for microglia in homeostatic regulation of neuronal activity in the healthy brain.


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    2013-02-15 维他命
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    2013-05-22 fzwish20000
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