Cancer Res:陈佺等发现朊蛋白可调控癌症转移

2013-03-18 中科院动物研究所 中科院动物研究所

肿瘤干细胞是肿瘤中具有极高致瘤能力的一小群细胞,越来越多的证据表明肿瘤干细胞与肿瘤发生、生长有关,然而肿瘤干细胞参与调控肿瘤转移的机制尚不明了。中国科学院动物研究所陈佺课题组的研究发现,细胞型朊蛋白PrPc与CD44共表达,并促进肿瘤转移。 早先的研究发现朊蛋白(Prion Protein)是人kuru症、疯牛病和羊瘙痒症的病原体,这种可传染的致病型朊蛋白(PrPsc)可导致中枢神经系统变性呈海

肿瘤干细胞是肿瘤中具有极高致瘤能力的一小群细胞,越来越多的证据表明肿瘤干细胞与肿瘤发生、生长有关,然而肿瘤干细胞参与调控肿瘤转移的机制尚不明了。中国科学院动物研究所陈佺课题组的研究发现,细胞型朊蛋白PrPc与CD44共表达,并促进肿瘤转移。

早先的研究发现朊蛋白(Prion Protein)是人kuru症、疯牛病和羊瘙痒症的病原体,这种可传染的致病型朊蛋白(PrPsc)可导致中枢神经系统变性呈海绵状。编码朊蛋白的基因(PRNP)位于人20号染色体短臂,除致病型朊蛋白外,它还编码细胞型朊蛋白(Cellualr Prion Protein, PrPc)。PrPc与PrPsc具有完全相同的氨基酸序列,但空间构型不同,导致二者的蛋白功能有极大差异。PrPc广泛存在于多种正常组织器官,在哺乳动物中非常保守,但是其生理功能并不十分清楚。

陈佺课题组将分选出的PrPc和CD44双阳性细胞注射入联合免疫缺陷小鼠(NOD/SCID mice)的盲肠中,表达PrPc的CD44阳性肿瘤干细胞能在肝脏形成转移肿瘤。而不表达PrPc的CD44阳性肿瘤干细胞并没有转移能力。深入的机制分析表明,PrPc能通过影响ERK2信号通路来促进肿瘤干细胞发生上皮-间充质转化(epithelial- mesenchymal transition, EMT)。肿瘤病人的样本分析显示,PrPc表达量与肿瘤恶性程度和癌症转移呈正相关。有意义的是,针对PrPc的单克隆抗体不但能抑制原位肿瘤的生长,还能显著抑制肠道肿瘤向肝脏转移。这些结果表明,针对PrPc的单克隆抗体有可能为转移肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供的可能。

该成果于2月12日在线发表在Cancer Research上。该项研究工作得到科技部、国家自然科学基金委员会和中国科学院的资助。

朊蛋白相关的拓展阅读:

doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-3759
PMC:
PMID:

CD44-positive cancer stem cells expressing cellular prion protein contribute to metastatic capacity in colorectal cancer.

Du L, Rao G, Wang H, Li B, Tian W, Cui JT, He L, Laffin B, Tian X, Hao C, Liu H, Sun X, Zhu Y, Tang DG, Mehrpour M, Lu Y, Chen Q.

Cancer stem cells are implicated in tumor progression, metastasis and recurrence, although the exact mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that the expression of cellular prion protein (PrPc, PRNP) is positively correlated with an increased risk of metastasis in colorectal cancer. PrPc defines a subpopulation of CD44-positive cancer stem cells that contributes to metastatic capacity. PrPc+CD44+ colorectal cancer stem cells displayed high liver metastatic capability, unlike PrPc-CD44+ stem cells, that was inhibited by RNAi-mediated attenuation of PrPc. Notably, administration of PrPc monoclonal antibodies significantly inhibited tumorigenicity and metastasis of colorectal cancer stem cells in mouse models of orthotopic metastasis. PrPc promoted epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the ERK2 (MAPK1) pathway, thereby conferring high metastatic capacity. Our findings reveal the function of PrPc in regulating EMT in cancer stem cells, and they identify PrPc as candidate therapeutic target in metastatic colorectal cancer.

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