probit回归和logistic回归区别

2013-08-17 冯国双 MedSci原创

probit回归和logistic回归几乎可以用于相同的数据,对于二分类因变量,这两种方法的结果十分类似。那他们到底有什么区别呢?如 果从分布角度来讲,logit函数和probit的函数几乎重叠,但反映的含义不同,logit等于p/(1-p),这里p是结局发生的概率,而 probit的函数是F-1(p),注意-1是上标。F是累积的标准正态分布函数,所以F-1就是累积标准正态分布函数的逆函数或反

probit回归和logistic回归几乎可以用于相同的数据,对于二分类因变量,这两种方法的结果十分类似。那他们到底有什么区别呢?

如 果从分布角度来讲,logit函数和probit的函数几乎重叠,但反映的含义不同,logit等于p/(1-p),这里p是结局发生的概率,而 probit的函数是F-1(p),注意-1是上标。F是累积的标准正态分布函数,所以F-1就是累积标准正态分布函数的逆函数或反函数。

从 解释的角度来讲,logit更容易理解一些,因为p/(1-p)就是我们常说的odds,两个odds相比就是odds ratio,也就是我们最常用的OR值。所以当我们做出结果后,logistic回归所反应的实际意义就非常直观。而相比之下,probit的含义表示自 变量对累积标准正态分布函数的逆作用,这个就太让人看不懂了。当然,实际上我们也可以通过正态分布值求出probit回归中的p,作为概率预测,只是比 logistic回归要稍微麻烦一些。

但这两个方法之间也是有关联的,通常情况下,probit回归估计出的参数值乘以1.814,大致会等于logistic回归中的参数值。

实 际中具体选择哪个方法呢?据笔者所查阅的文献,尚未发现有理论依据,更多的仍是根据个人习惯。从文献的应用情况来看,logistic回归的应用远远多于 probit回归,这主要是因为logistic回归的易解释性,而不是logistic回归比probit回归更好或更适合数据。

但 probit回归并不是说就要被logistic回归替代了,从预测的角度来看,probit回归还是有较强的使用价值的。其预测概率效果与 logistic回归一样的好。如果你确实想知道到底你的数据用哪一个方法好,也不是没有办法,你可以看一下你的残差到底是符合logit函数呢还是符合 probit函数,当然,凭肉眼肯定是看不出来的,因为这两个函数本来就很接近,你可以通过函数的假定,用拟合优度检验一下。但通常,估计不会有人非要这 么较真,因为没有必要。如果你的因变量是二分类,你无论用哪种方法,都不能说错。萝卜青菜,各有所爱而已。

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    2013-11-17 cenghis
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    2013-08-19 july_977
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    2013-08-19 sunylz