Clincal Nutrition: 围手术期益生菌治疗可以降低老年患者术后认知障碍的发生率

2021-02-23 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

由于全球人口正以前所未有的速度老龄化,因此术后神经认知障碍变得越来越普遍。术后认知障碍的发生会增加医疗费用,降低生活自理能力,甚至与死亡率成正比。

      由于全球人口正以前所未有的速度老龄化,因此术后神经认知障碍变得越来越普遍。术后认知障碍的发生会增加医疗费用,降低生活自理能力,甚至与死亡率成正比。因此,改善并治疗术后神经认知障碍已成为提高老年人的医疗质量的一个重要方面。目前,术后神经认知的防治主要依靠调整危险因素,减轻生理压力和对症治疗。益生菌是对健康有益的活微生物食用足量的益生菌可以减轻胃肠道症状,改善免疫功能,预防心脏代谢疾病和减轻抑郁症等等多种功效。因此,本项研究旨在评估围手术期口服益生菌作为预防非心脏手术后老年患者认知功能障碍的效果。

 

 

      这项随机双盲对照试验纳入了120例计划进行择期骨科或结直肠手术的老年患者。患者入院前被分配接受益生菌或安慰剂治疗直至出院。主要观察终点是术后认知障碍的发生率,认知障碍的定义为从入院基线到手术后第7天的最低精神状态检查(MMSE)得分降低≥3分。次要观察终点包括血浆白细胞介素6(IL-6)和皮质醇的变化,术后疼痛强度,术后睡眠质量,胃肠道功能恢复和粪便微生物群组成等。

 

 

      研究结果显示益生菌组术后认知障碍的发生率显着低于对照组(益生菌组的59例患者中有3例[5.1%]出现认知障碍,而对照组的61例患者中有10例[16.4%]出现认知障碍, P= 0.046)。此外,与手术前相比,益生菌组血浆IL-6和皮质醇的水平在手术后5-7天比对照组下降更多(IL-6:−117.90±49.15 VS −14.93±15.21, P = 0.044;皮质醇:−158.70±53.52 VS 40.98±72.48,P = 0.010)。围手术期,益生菌组粪便中益生菌水平的相对丰度也比对照组的大。相比之下,两组之间的术后疼痛强度,睡眠质量和胃肠功能恢复没有显着差异。

 

 

      本项试验证实围手术期应用口服益生菌可预防老年患者非心脏手术后的术后认知障碍。

 

 

 

原始出处:

Pingzhu Wang. Et al. Perioperative probiotic treatment decreased the incidence of postoperative cognitive impairment in elderly patients following non-cardiac surgery: A randomised double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition.2021.

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