ASCO 2014专家点评:mCRC一线靶向治疗抗VEGF还是抗EGFR?

2014-05-22 中山大学肿瘤医院结直肠科 陈功 陈功医生新浪微博

任何一个从事结直肠癌诊疗工作的医生,如果要问对即将召开的2014年ASCO有什么期待,毫无疑问,我想大家的答案都会提到一个研究,那就是CALGB/SWOG 80405,全称是“FOLFIRI/mFOLFOX6联合贝伐珠单抗对比西妥昔单抗一线治疗KRAS野生型转移性结直肠癌(mCRC)的Ⅲ期研究”,这是一项mCRC一线治疗中两种靶向治疗——西妥昔单抗和贝伐珠单抗的头对头研究。 为何这个试验这么引

任何一个从事结直肠癌诊疗工作的医生,如果要问对即将召开的2014年ASCO有什么期待,毫无疑问,我想大家的答案都会提到一个研究,那就是CALGB/SWOG 80405,全称是“FOLFIRI/mFOLFOX6联合贝伐珠单抗对比西妥昔单抗一线治疗KRAS野生型转移性结直肠癌(mCRC)的Ⅲ期研究”,这是一项mCRC一线治疗中两种靶向治疗——西妥昔单抗和贝伐珠单抗的头对头研究。 为何这个试验这么引人关注呢?这得从背景说起,从去年ASCO最热的研究FIRE-3说起。


中山大学肿瘤医院结直肠科    陈功

大约10年前,当奥沙利铂和伊立替康都成为mCRC的有效治疗药物后,当时对于一线治疗中孰优孰劣(FOLFIRI对FOLFOX)也曾经面临同样的争论,后来经过V308等头对头研究后得出结论,两种治疗疗效一样,才平息了争论,为临床治疗选择指明了方向。如今,进入分子靶向治疗时代后,又面临十年前同样的问题,对于KRAS野生型mCRC患者,目前适用的两大类一线靶向治疗,抗表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)治疗(西妥昔单抗、帕尼单抗)和抗血管生长因子(VEGF)治疗(贝伐珠单抗),孰优孰劣,临床上应该首选哪一类治疗?

对于这个问题,一直没有定论,直到2013年ASCO年会,针对该问题的第一项头对头研究、来自德国的大型Ⅲ期临床研究FIRE-3发布结果,FOLFIRI联合西妥昔单抗对比FOLFIRI联合贝伐珠单抗,一线治疗KRAS野生型mCRC,在无进展生存(PFS)结果一样(均为10个月)、主要终点意向治疗人群(ITT)总有效率(ORR)没有显著差异(62%对58%)的情况下,次要终点总生存(OS)出现了显著差异,西妥昔单抗组优于贝伐珠单抗组(28.7个月对25个月,HR=0.77,P=0.017);另外一项小型的Ⅱ期试验PEAK(FOLFOX联合帕尼单抗或贝伐珠单抗)也得出类似结果,这些结果引发了极大的争议和讨论,成为2013年最热的话题。

很快,来自PRIME、PEAK研究的进一步分析结果发现,除了KRAS第2外显子突变以外,KRAS第3、4外显子及NRAS突变(称之为新RAS突变)不但不能从帕尼单抗的治疗中获益,而且,与单纯FOLFOX方案化疗相比,FOLFOX联合帕尼单抗还出现了生存受损的情况。

在2013年欧洲肿瘤内科学会(ESMO)年会上,FIRE-3研究更新了关于RAS基因的数据,发现新RAS突变者,贝伐珠单抗组的疗效要优于西妥昔单抗组(ORR 58.1%对38.2%,OS 为20.6个月对16.4个月),但对于所有RAS均为野生型患者,西妥昔单抗组的生存则显著延长(33.1个月对25.6个月月,HR=0.7,P=0.011)。

PRIME研究关于RAS的数据更新结果在《新英格兰医学杂志》发表后引起轰动,使得RAS检测及其在抗EGFR靶向治疗中的价值成为2013年结直肠癌诊疗领域最热门的话题,随后欧盟、美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)等均快速反应,要求除了传统的KRAS第2外显子以外,必须检测其他RAS基因的突变,来指导抗EGFR治疗的选择,对于RAS突变或未知者,欧盟将FOLFOX联合帕尼单抗或西妥昔单抗列为了禁忌证。

另一方面,由于通过RAS的筛选,使得抗EGFR治疗的优势人群越来越明确,而抗VEGF始终找不到生物标志物来筛选人群,因此,在现有的头对头对比研究FIRE-3和PEAK研究中,数据表明抗EGFR优于抗VEGF,使得一线治疗中的抗VEGF和抗EGFR之争似乎出现了偏向,但由于对最重要的研究FIRE-3研究,存在很多无法解释的现象(例如ORR和PFS无显著差异、后续治疗时间不均衡等),这个研究饱受争议,欧洲和美国对FIRE-3研究的结果解读也存在明显反差,正是在这种背景之下,业界把期待的眼光投向了另一项更大型的Ⅲ期随机对照研究,那就是CALGB/SWOG 80405,期待它的数据能带来更多的信息,甚至于为这个争论画上一个句号。

CALGB/SWOG 80405研究在美国一共入组了1142例KRAS第2外显子野生型的mCRC初治病例,随机接受FOLFIRI/mFOLFOX6联合贝伐珠单抗或西妥昔单抗,主要研究终点是OS,其中70%的研究者选择了mFOLFOX6方案做为化疗骨架。

2014年,ASCO将CALGB/SWOG 80405研究作为有可能改变临床实践的最重要的5个研究之一(LBA 1-5),于美国时间2014年6月1日14:45分,在全体大会专场(Plenary session)由主要研究者、来自美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCSF)的弗农(Venook)教授进行汇报,而出于保密,该研究的摘要信息要到2014年6月1日早上7:30分才在现场进行公布(摘要号LBA3),而这更加让这个研究显得神秘和可期待,可谓万众瞩目。

那么,如何来看待这个研究将要带来的结果呢?虽然现在还不知道具体结果,除了关注常规的那些问题,例如二线及后续治疗、转移瘤的切除等,以下几个问题也值得关注:

1、本次ASCO只报告KRAS第2外显子野生型的数据,因为RAS的数据分析尚未完成;

2、研究中70%的患者化疗方案是FOLFOX方案,只有30%是FOLFIRI方案,各亚组间会不会有不同?基于PRIME、FIRE-3、PEAK等研究的数据,在KRAS第2外显子野生的患者中新RAS的突变率大约在15%作用,而一旦新RAS突变,与FOLFOX联合会使得疗效受损。这会不会对CALGB/SWOG 80405研究结果带来影响,也值得关注。

在今年ASCO之后能否平息mCRC一线靶向治疗中抗EGFR与抗VEGF的争论呢?让我们拭目以待。

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    2015-04-08 yxch36
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    2014-07-07 quxin068
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    2014-05-24 liuyiping
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    2014-05-24 d830379

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