3D内窥镜让微创外科手术更加精准

2014-05-06 佚名 博客

内窥镜是一种光机电结合的精密仪器,用于观察人眼所不能直接观察到的物体体内组织和结构,被广泛应用于工业检测、工业微加工、医学诊断、微创手术等领域。从最初的硬管内窥镜到现在的光纤内窥镜以及电子内窥镜,内窥镜的技术发展日臻成熟。 内窥镜微创手术作为外科手术领域的一个发展方向,能够帮助医生完成临床诊断、治疗和微创外科手术。微创手术相对传统手术而言,对于患者具有切口小、创伤小、恢复快、痛苦少等特点。微创


内窥镜是一种光机电结合的精密仪器,用于观察人眼所不能直接观察到的物体体内组织和结构,被广泛应用于工业检测、工业微加工、医学诊断、微创手术等领域。从最初的硬管内窥镜到现在的光纤内窥镜以及电子内窥镜,内窥镜的技术发展日臻成熟。

内窥镜微创手术作为外科手术领域的一个发展方向,能够帮助医生完成临床诊断、治疗和微创外科手术。微创手术相对传统手术而言,对于患者具有切口小、创伤小、恢复快、痛苦少等特点。微创手术是高科技带来的医学革命,被喻为21世纪外科发展方向之一,是光电显示系统与高科技手术器械以及传统外科手术相结合的前沿技术。传统的内窥镜诊疗术作为无创、微创外科的一种重要手段,得到了广泛的应用,其典型器材是光导纤维内窥镜、电子内窥镜和超声内窥镜等。

 

Avi Yaron在26岁的时候遭遇了摩托车车祸,这一天被他称作生命中最幸运的日子。当医生为他做大脑扫描检查时,在他大脑深处发现了一颗肿瘤。经过6年的搜寻,他找到了关键的外科医生和专家,他们以传统手术方法为他成功切除了肿瘤。但是寻找更好外科手术方法的想法继续留存在他的心里,他不断考虑并试验以微创方式进行大脑手术的各种方法。 

在过去25年里,微创外科手术已经变得司空见惯。在手术中,一根细小的管镜会通过手术或者自然存在的通道插入体内。管镜末端的摄像机会将图片传输到屏幕上让医生观看。手术器械会通过管镜采集组织样本或者切除肿块。早期技术使外科医生能够以2D标准画面进行观察,过去十年的发展已经研发出更高清的系统。 



最近,3D技术已经应用于某些类型的手术,用于大脑外科手术却是相当困难。神经外科手术使用的管镜直径必须非常细小,这样它们才能够穿过鼻腔等狭窄的通道。但是大多数3D管镜依靠两个光通道,每个都有一个收集图像的传感器,并且模拟人眼的成像方式。目前非常难以制造出如此细小仪器,而且无法为神经外科医生提供高质量的影像。

但是Yaron先生声称他的团队已经突破了这一难题。他们并没有复制人体解剖学,而是模拟了蜜蜂的复眼。这种管镜装有一种微型传感器,这种传感器有成千上万个微米级元素组成,每个元素的方向都有着轻微的差别而且从许多不同的视角确定手术范围。借助这种系统,Yaron先生的公司Visionsense已经制造出一种足以进行大脑手术的微型管镜,通过3D内窥镜技术将使外科手术更加精准可靠。



来自伊莉莎女王医院的Shahzada Ahmed是首场3D内窥镜神经外科手术的参与者之一,他说道:“从3D角度讲它比电影更清晰。”这一系统使他能够以3D形式看到自己的仪器,这就让他更好的了解它们处于解剖学的哪一关键部位。但这项技术也存在大量的潜在问题,习惯于观看2D图片进行手术的外科医生或许会发现3D图像难以适应。3D内窥镜结合以色列Real View公司开发出独特的全息影像技术,将使虚拟现实体验出真实的意境。医生可通过先进的3D交互可视化系统来对病人漂浮在半空中的真实三维解剖精确体积全息图进行检测。

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    2014-05-08 vera_1203
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