medRxiv:数字PCR技术在SARS-CoV-2低载量临床样品检测中更灵敏准确

2020-03-11 竹子 转化医学网

导读:临床诊断中不可避免地产生假阴性,现行咽拭子核酸荧光定量PCR检测存在一定的漏检率,导致病毒传播的潜在风险。因此,迫切需要一种更加灵敏、准确的病原学检测方法。

导读:临床诊断中不可避免地产生假阴性,现行咽拭子核酸荧光定量PCR检测存在一定的漏检率,导致病毒传播的潜在风险。因此,迫切需要一种更加灵敏、准确的病原学检测方法。

2020年3月7日,武汉大学病毒学国家重点实验室蓝柯和陈宇团队在预印本网站MedRxiv发布了一篇研究论文,发现ddPCR在减少SARS-CoV-2的临床检测方面具有优势,可以减少假阴性,这可能是对现有标准RT-PCR的有力补充。

根据世卫组织和中国疾病预防控制中心(CDC),目前诊断SARS-CoV-2感染的金标准是基于实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR),这意味着可以使用RT-PCR在患者样本中检测到SARS-CoV-2的核酸,RT-PCR检测不足的弊端越来越突出,尤其是临床应用中的检测动态范围问题。

目前,临床已发现有过发热症状的患者,胸部CT显示肺部下叶病变等疑似病毒性肺炎症状,但咽拭子核酸检测直到病毒性肺炎发病后5-6天才显示阳性结果。这可能是由于患者咽喉部病毒载量相对较低以及RT-PCR技术的敏感性限制所致,在临床诊断中不可避免地产生假阴性,导致病毒传播的潜在风险。因此,迫切需要一种更加灵敏、准确的病原学检测方法。

核酸检测是目前诊断SARS-CoV-2引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎的金标准,而现行咽拭子核酸荧光定量PCR检测存在一定的漏检率累有报道。存在漏检率的原因可能在于该技术用于检测低病毒载量样品的灵敏度相对不足,从而导致假阴性的出现。漏检率的出现,将可能对患者的早诊断及康复判断造成一定的影响。

该团队先进行了标本采集和RNA提取,利用和现行荧光定量PCR相同的引物和探针,结合其优化的微滴式数字PCR检测方法,通过对57例现行荧光定量PCR检测方法判定为阴性的临床咽拭子核酸样品进行双盲检测后(其中包括最终确定的新冠病毒感染者和非感染者),再利用检测结果对比实际的临床资料。结果显示,数字PCR方法具有更低的检测下限,总体准确率达94.3%。该小样本研究初步揭示数字PCR技术在SARS-CoV-2低载量临床样品检测中灵敏度和准确率更高。

微滴式数字PCR是在传统定量PCR的基础上采用一种全新的方式对核酸分子进行绝对定量的技术。微滴式数字PCR技术的特点是在PCR扩增前对反应体系进行微滴化处理,即将含有核酸分子的反应体系分成成千上万个小的液滴,每个液滴即为一个独立的反应体系,其中每个微滴中或不含待检核酸靶分子,或含有一个至数个待检核酸靶分子,经PCR扩增后,利用微滴检测仪对每个微滴进行逐个扫描检测,有荧光信号的微滴判读为”1”,没有荧光信号的微滴判读为”0”,最后根据泊松分布原理及阳性微滴的个数,分析软件即可给出靶分子的绝对起始拷贝数及浓度,从而对样本中目的核酸片段进行灵敏的检测和绝对定量。该技术可广泛应用于科研及检测中对核酸的精确定量。

原始出处:

Tao Suo, Xinjin Liu, Ming Guo et al. ddPCR: a more sensitive and accurate tool forSARS-CoV-2 detection in low viral load specimens. medRxiv. March 06, 2020.

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    2021-01-17 hukaixun
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    2020-03-12 小刀医生
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    2020-03-12 Tommy1950
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