有汗型外胚层发育不良胚胎植入前遗传学检测1例

2020-03-23 王喜良 郝冬梅 张金 生殖医学杂志

患者,女,出生时全身无体毛、睫毛及头发,双手及双脚皮肤过度角化,指甲发育不良,无汗毛孔,正常排汗。有汗型外胚层发育不良(hidroticectodermaldysplasia,HED)家族史,基因型为

患者,女,出生时全身无体毛、睫毛及头发,双手及双脚皮肤过度角化,指甲发育不良,无汗毛孔,正常排汗。有汗型外胚层发育不良(hidroticectodermaldysplasia,HED)家族史,基因型为GJB6(NM_006783.4,c.263C>T杂合突变,p.A88V)。2014年结婚,婚后同居生活,性生活正常,2016年孕5月行产前诊断,因胎儿为受累胎儿而引产。2017年来院要求行胚胎植入前遗传学检测(PGT)。

抽取患者夫妇及患者父母外周血,提取DNA,高通量测序。以GJB6基因(NM_006783.4chr13:20796101-20806534反向转录)编码区及外显子-内含子交界为目标区域,并在基因上下游选择若干单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点作为遗传标记,检测SNP位点基因型,选择其中相应位点构建单体型,进行连锁分析。采用短效长方案进行促排卵,获得的卵子采用卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)方式人工授精,胚胎培养,发育到囊胚时活检4~10个滋养层细胞,活检后的胚胎采用玻璃化冷冻法进行冷冻保存。对活检的滋养层细胞采用多重置换扩增方法(MDA)进行全基因组扩增。采用高通量测序技术,对染色体非整倍体、微缺失、微重复进行检测,分辨率为4Mb。以GJB6基因编码区为目标区域,并在基因上下游选择若干SNP位点作为遗传标记,检测SNP基因型,选择其中相应位点构建单体型。采用一代测序技术对致病变异位点进行验证。选择正常胚胎行复苏移植。妊娠16~18周抽取羊水进行一代测序验证。通过SNP连锁成功构建了单体型。患者促排获得了3个卵子,ICSI后均正常受精,2个胚胎发育到囊胚,进行活检。1枚胚胎非整倍体检测结果异常,1枚胚胎非整倍体检测结果正常。对非整倍体结果正常的胚胎进行单体型分析,结果正常。进行一代验证,结果正常,证明胚胎未携带致病变异(具体检测结果见表1)。

表1胚胎检测结果

 

1584871398603897.png

胚胎移植后第14天血HCG值为359U/L,4周见胎心、胎芽,获得临床妊娠。妊娠16周抽取羊水,产前诊断结果显示胎儿未携带致病变异。妊娠40+2周,剖宫产获得一名女婴,体重3200g,体检未见明显异常。

讨论

人体皮肤由胚胎的两个胚层发育而来,其中外胚层发育成表皮及附属器官。外胚层发育不良可导致外胚层来源的组织结构或功能异常。HED(OMIM129500)为一种常染色体显性遗传病[1],临床表现主要为毛发缺陷、甲营养不良和掌跖角化三联征,这些症状会对患者的身体和心理造成严重的不良影响[2-4]。该病的致病基因为GJB6(gapjunctionbeta6),编码缝隙连接蛋白Cx30。Cx30为一种缝隙连接通道蛋白,其变异可引起多种皮肤和其他器官的疾病[5-6]。目前发现的GJB6致病变异有4种,包括G11R、V37E、D50N和A88V,这4种变异都会造成氨基酸替换[7]。本病例中的患者经检测即为p.A88V变异。研究表明,p.A88V的改变可以使角质形成细胞内的ATP渗出到细胞外的基质中,ATP水平增高作为一个旁分泌信号可促进角质形成细胞的增生和分化,从而引起HED的相应临床表现[8]。

常染色体显性遗传病行产前诊断有一半的患者要行流产或引产,会对孕妇及家庭带来极大的伤害。近年来随着辅助生殖技术的发展,PGT技术逐渐应用。PGT使用分子遗传学技术,在体外培养的胚胎阶段即可获得胚胎的遗传特性,然后挑选不携带已知致病变异的胚胎移植。本病例采用PGT技术成功阻断了1例HED患者的垂直传递,帮助患者家庭生育了一名健康的孩子,对家庭和社会都具有非常大的意义。

参考文献略。

原始出处:

王喜良,郝冬梅,张金艳,侯开波,有汗型外胚层发育不良胚胎植入前遗传学检测1例[J],生殖医学杂志,2020,3(29).

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    2020-03-25 ailian1202
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    2020-03-25 jiyangfei
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