美图:11张惊艳美图里的生命科学与艺术

2016-07-08 解螺旋·叶子 解螺旋·医生科研助手

在过去的3年里,麻省理工学院科赫研究所(Koch Institute, KI)每年都会举办KI图像展,年度获奖者的图片将在《Cell》上展示。这个奖项本着认知和传播的精神,通过生命科学研究中产生的非凡影像,将生命科学艺术和美妙的一面展现给世人。 C.E. B. Reas, Ben Fry 比如这幅,抽象中还带有一些中国水墨画的感觉,其实是细胞信号的图。细胞行为受网络


在过去的3年里,麻省理工学院科赫研究所(Koch Institute, KI)每年都会举办KI图像展,年度获奖者的图片将在《Cell》上展示。这个奖项本着认知和传播的精神,通过生命科学研究中产生的非凡影像,将生命科学艺术和美妙的一面展现给世人。



C.E. B. Reas, Ben Fry

比如这幅,抽象中还带有一些中国水墨画的感觉,其实是细胞信号的图。细胞行为受网络中相关蛋白的控制,而这些网络在癌细胞中会发生功能异常。在该图中,每个团都表示癌细胞中随时间而改变的网络蛋白间信号,它们的大小对应了信号的幅度。

乳汁的通道



Daniel H. Miller, Dexter X. Jin, Piyush B. Gupta

通过研究生物构造的正常生长,科学家们弄清楚了在癌症和其他疾病中细胞发育过程是如何被干扰的。这张图描绘的是人乳腺中的架构(紫色)和细胞类型(青色)。其中的球状物负责产生母乳然后通过导管送到乳头。利用该模型,生物学家可以研究基因和化学干扰是如何破坏组织发育而引起疾病的。

寻找合适你的细胞


Asha K. Patel, Daniel G. Anderson, Robert S. Langer, Morgan R. Alexander, Chris N. Denning, Martyn C. Davies 

开发生物材料并没有一种统一的方法,不同的细胞行为取决于它们材料的不同。这张复合图象显示心脏细胞(纤维的图像,例如,行2,列1)和干细胞(斑点图像,例如,行1,列3)如何沉积到微观阵列的各种合成聚合物反应。测试数以百计的化学组合之后,那些最有希望的候选细胞将会被用于生物医学研究和临床应用中,开发出对于不同个体量身定制的材料。

肿瘤抱团取暖


Alexandre Albanese, Jeffrey Wyckoff, Sangeeta Bhatia

癌症细胞采用抱团策略而不是单独作战,让研究人员能看到更全面的图片。此图显示在蛋白质纤维(白色纤维状)的三维矩阵植入癌细胞(蓝、白点)三个球形集群。这些微小的肿瘤使研究人员了解了肿瘤在微环境中的转移和交互,还能评价载药纳米颗粒的输送效果。

卫星肝



Chelsea Fortin, Kelly Stevens, Christopher Chen, Sangeeta Bhatia

众所周知,肝脏有着强大的再生能力,但某些类型的损害是不可逆的。为了抵御越来越严重的器官移植短缺,研究人员在血管里(绿色)培养有特定基质的肝细胞,并将它们移植到疾病模型。这张图显示了肝细胞对于器官损伤的原始反应,细胞(橙色)重组并扩大,从体内获得血液(白)以支持成长。这样 “卫星肝”的创建可以大大提高肝脏疾病,肝硬化和肝癌患者预后。

器官组织对新环境的反应


Jatin Roper, Tuomas Tammela, Omer Yilmaz

从生物体自身组织细胞中衍生出的微型器官,被广泛用于生物学研究。然而,目前还不清楚这些培养皿中生长的组织如何对体内的环境做出回应。此图中两个肠道组织(粉红色)被移植到结肠壁(蓝色、绿色)。长期观察组织在结肠环境生存后,科学家们开始改变组织和宿主生物的特性,以了解更多关于饮食、衰老和癌症对健康和患病组织的影响。

红外线监视癌细胞


Li Gu, Xiangnan Dang, Paula Hammond, Angela Belcher

微小肿瘤细胞能够逃过传统手段的检测,但研究人员正在使用一种称为“第二近红外窗口”的长波长光渗透到组织内,可以实时监测癌症细胞。此图片显示分层的纳米颗粒(绿色)照亮微观肿瘤。当有了靶向选择癌细胞的能力后,研究人员把注意力转移到通过输送特殊的药物颗粒来消灭这些难以发现的微小肿瘤。

饥饿的巨噬细胞



Ali Roghanian, Sonya James, Gessa Sugiyarto, Mark Cragg, Jianzhu Chen

巨噬细胞是免疫系统中的饿鬼,研究人员正在努力用这种自身防御系统来对抗癌症。图中人巨噬细胞(蓝色)已经成功地吞没了被治疗抗体标记的肿瘤细胞(橙色)。然而,即使有了这些抗体,癌细胞也能躲过免疫细胞的吞噬,并“压抑食欲”来避免被消灭。目前,研究人员正通过稳定癌细胞抗体来提高治疗效果,并筛选不同的治疗方法,可以激活巨噬细胞,以消除这些狡猾的癌细胞。

金神经


Jonathan K. Tsosie, Omar F. Khan, Daniel G. Anderson, Robert S. Langer

这个可伸缩的设备可用于神经分离后的神经系统,以提供电流刺激肌肉,促进收缩并防止萎缩。图中的黄金曲线看似是随机的,但实际上是提高复原能力而使用的硬金属仿生学部件。在保持肌肉活动的同时再生神经,这生物相容电路板将收集修复过程中的数据,增加治疗效果。

脑细胞螺纹结构


Russell McConnell, Frank Gertler

快速增长和无限分裂的能力使得癌细胞成为了一种独特的基础生物研究工具。在该实验中,从脑癌中分化出的细胞在柔性材料上生长,以模仿大脑和脊椎的力学环境。在这样的条件下,轴突不会分支,而是形成了非常适用细胞间长距离联系的螺纹状结构。研究人员正在研究,在发育和损伤修复的过程中,机械信号如何影响神经元的形态和行为。

被冷冻的干细胞


Sílvia A Ferreira, Cristina Lopo, Eileen Gentleman

当你长大后想干什么?不只是人,年轻的干细胞也会问这个问题。而在干细胞分化的过程中,外界的影响同样是不能被忽略的。眼前的这个干细胞已经被低温冷冻在了水凝胶基质里,来模拟细胞在骨髓中的天然环境,以便研究人员了解细胞和周围组织之间是如何作用的,在新的组织中又如何自然成长。

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    2017-02-06 kksonne
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    2016-07-09 WEIXINa82df6bc

    赞赞赞赞

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1700825, encodeId=24831e00825bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dfba86e3142' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#艺术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86731, encryptionId=dfba86e3142, topicName=艺术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6e8030252779, createdName=kksonne, createdTime=Mon Feb 06 10:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1439509, encodeId=98cc143950909, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d52689512b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生命科学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68951, encryptionId=3d52689512b, topicName=生命科学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Sun Jul 10 04:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92445, encodeId=3cfa924456f, content=赞赞赞赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b3781729882, createdName=WEIXINa82df6bc, createdTime=Sat Jul 09 07:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92439, encodeId=9fb0924399a, content=非常精彩, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=a37a1710612, createdName=oo902, createdTime=Sat Jul 09 07:10:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92400, encodeId=cf7c9240011, content=一个字,美。两个字,漂亮,惊艳。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=127, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib260FNcic8ThYZTmbW36JHpvHcnIog7VbWIQjibo1kwuH9obXRJJtqHn1hYHHLG0DpIMIBVFPhBBpQOJWDk1rbib2Y/0, createdBy=d27274268, createdName=sillywu, createdTime=Fri Jul 08 16:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92390, encodeId=0f289239059, content=微小的肿瘤使研究人员了解了肿瘤在微环境中的转移和交互,还能评价载药纳米颗粒的输送效果, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160429/IMG5723731439C3A8303.jpg, createdBy=a6d41719037, createdName=金色蝴蝶, createdTime=Fri Jul 08 16:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92378, encodeId=92a1923e884, content=医学也是艺术, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73441710184, createdName=明崖, createdTime=Fri Jul 08 15:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-09 oo902

    非常精彩

    0

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    2016-07-08 sillywu

    一个字,美。两个字,漂亮,惊艳。

    0

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    2016-07-08 金色蝴蝶

    微小的肿瘤使研究人员了解了肿瘤在微环境中的转移和交互,还能评价载药纳米颗粒的输送效果

    0

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    2016-07-08 明崖

    医学也是艺术

    0

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