Nature:揭示肠道杯状细胞新功能---护送抗原到树突细胞

2012-04-14 towersimper 生物谷

杯状细胞可能是治疗炎性肠道疾病、乳糜泻和食物过敏的一个潜在靶标。图中,小鼠摄取的糖类抗原经由肠道杯状细胞(红色)运送到树突细胞(绿色)。树突细胞利用抗原教会免疫系统认识到食物抗原是无害的抗原,而不是传染原。 每次吃饭时,肠道免疫细胞就像是城堡哨兵,挡住有害细菌,而允许维生素和营养物质通过。 如今,来自华盛顿大学圣路易斯医学院的研究人员在小鼠肠道中鉴定出一种护送食物抗原或蛋白到树突细胞的细胞,即


杯状细胞可能是治疗炎性肠道疾病、乳糜泻和食物过敏的一个潜在靶标。图中,小鼠摄取的糖类抗原经由肠道杯状细胞(红色)运送到树突细胞(绿色)。树突细胞利用抗原教会免疫系统认识到食物抗原是无害的抗原,而不是传染原。

每次吃饭时,肠道免疫细胞就像是城堡哨兵,挡住有害细菌,而允许维生素和营养物质通过。

如今,来自华盛顿大学圣路易斯医学院的研究人员在小鼠肠道中鉴定出一种护送食物抗原或蛋白到树突细胞的细胞,即杯状细胞(goblet cell),这样免疫系统就不会对它们发起免疫攻击。

他们的发现阐明了排列在肠道壁上的杯状细胞的新功能,因而给科学家提供一种潜在性靶标来治疗炎性肠道疾病(inflammatory bowel disease)、乳糜泻(celiac disease)和食物过敏---这些疾病都是由于免疫系统过分活跃而导致的。相关研究结果于2012年3月14日发表在《自然》期刊上。

“我们证实杯状细胞在人们和小鼠中发挥着同样作用”,论文共同主要研究员Rodney D. Newberry博士,“我们早已知道当人们摄取一种蛋白或抗原时,在肠道里被称作树突细胞的免疫细胞消化它,这样人们就对它产生耐受性。但是我们不知道树突细胞和抗原是如何联系起来的。根据我们的实验,杯状细胞似乎发挥着‘月老’的作用,将人们吃的食物和树突细胞结合在一起。”利用一种新的成像技术,科学家们在活着的小鼠中实时观察肠道的内部功能。他们观察到小鼠吞食的一种用分子标记的糖类抗原经由杯状细胞传递到树突细胞。

树突细胞在免疫系统中发挥着一种关键性作用。但是,直到现在科学家们一直认为肠道内杯状细胞只能发挥一种作用,即分泌粘液(mucus)。

根据论文主要共同研究员和免疫学与病理学助理教授Mark J. Miller博士的说法,抗原开始时位于粘液屏障的一边,而免疫系统中的树突细胞在另一边。Miller和Newberry使用双光子成像(two-photon imaging)技术来观察杯状细胞运输抗原跨越粘液屏障。

“在任何给定时间,都存在运输抗原的杯状细胞”,Miller说,“它似乎就是这种机制运输食物抗原和甚至可能是自身抗原到树突细胞从而诱导耐受性。如果树突细胞接触到这些抗原,它们就能够告诉T细胞:这些抗原是无害的抗原,而不是传染原。”

他说,这些发现是比较重要的,因为科学家们如今知道肠道中产生的免疫应答可能与它依赖树突细胞随后对抗原进行加工处理那样,同样地依赖杯状细胞事先能够传输抗原到树突细胞。Miller说,没有人以前知道这点,这是因为直到最近他们通过新成像技术才能够在活着的动物中观察肠道免疫细胞如何发挥作用。

Miller和Newberry也研究健康人肠道组织,其中它是从接收减肥手术的病人中摘除下来的。研究结果清晰地表明杯状细胞在人肠道中发挥的功能与在小鼠中的一样,这就使得杯状细胞很可能成为有效的药物作用靶标,从而来治疗免疫系统过度激活而导致的炎性肠道疾病和其他肠道问题。

在当前这项研究中,研究人员以正常和健康的小鼠为研究对象,但是研究人员当前正在利用同样的成像技术来研究杯状细胞和树突细胞在炎症或感染发生时如何发挥出不同作用。他们也计划研究其他组织(如肺部)中产生粘液的杯状细胞以便确定它们在身体其他地方是否也发挥着同样的作用。(生物谷:towersimper编译)

 

doi:10.1038/nature10863
PMC:
PMID:

Goblet cells deliver luminal antigen to CD103+ dendritic cells in the small intestine

Jeremiah R. McDole, Leroy W. Wheeler, Keely G. McDonald, Baomei Wang, Vjollca Konjufca, Kathryn A. Knoop, Rodney D. Newberry & Mark J. Miller

The intestinal immune system is exposed to a mixture of foreign antigens from diet, commensal flora and potential pathogens. Understanding how pathogen- specific immunity is elicited while avoiding inappropriate responses to the background of innocuous antigens is essential for understanding and treating intestinal infections and inflammatory diseases. The ingestion of protein antigen can induce oral tolerance, which is mediated in part by a subset of intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) that promote the development of regulatory T cells. The lamina propria (LP) underlies the expansive single-cell absorptive villous epithelium and contains a large population of DCs (CD11c+ CD11b+ MHCII+ cells) comprised of two predominant subsets: CD103+ CX3CR1− DCs, which promote IgA production, imprint gut homing on lymphocytes and induce the development of regulatory T cells, and CD103− CX3CR1+ DCs (with features of macrophages), which promote tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production, colitis, and the development of TH17 T cells. However, the mechanisms by which different intestinal LP-DC subsets capture luminal antigens in vivo remains largely unexplored. Using a minimally disruptive in vivo imaging approach we show that in the steady state, small intestine goblet cells (GCs) function as passages delivering low molecular weight soluble antigens from the intestinal lumen to underlying CD103+ LP-DCs. The preferential delivery of antigens to DCs with tolerogenic properties implies a key role for this GC function in intestinal immune homeostasis.

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    2012-10-04 liye789132251
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1693280, encodeId=dd771693280b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=51836199472' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#树突细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61994, encryptionId=51836199472, topicName=树突细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b5f29361937, createdName=daviiliu, createdTime=Mon Jul 23 03:33:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1923877, encodeId=a15119238e797, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=002658104e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新功能#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58104, encryptionId=002658104e8, topicName=新功能)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/L2dMhrxjvSWuPWKZZP1I83Rw21EWia7LVTYJibLQkb4oTibrYLwhnAXntTBWR3FruIzKfNMiaBwhYV0AKNmiaNxfialg/132, createdBy=6ea92500119, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Fri Sep 28 07:33:00 CST 2012, time=2012-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1879204, encodeId=8c8718e9204a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Oct 04 14:33:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2079151, encodeId=932f20e915199, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8eb761623aa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#杯状细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61623, encryptionId=8eb761623aa, topicName=杯状细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c77e138, createdName=kalseyzl, createdTime=Sat Sep 08 07:33:00 CST 2012, time=2012-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1623204, encodeId=c3b91623204d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=62a655263e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗原#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55263, encryptionId=62a655263e9, topicName=抗原)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f59b20519025, createdName=xiaoyeshuang, createdTime=Sun Apr 15 15:33:00 CST 2012, time=2012-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]