Zoonoses:基于One Health理念:21世纪以来,中国长三角地区隐孢子虫感染负担

2022-02-19 尹建海,曹建平,沈玉娟 “深究科学”公众号

隐孢子虫属原生动物寄生虫,宿主范围非常广泛,包括人、家畜、家禽、伴侣动物和野生动物等。主要通过摄入被粪便污染的水或食物中的隐孢子虫卵囊,或与受感染的动物或人直接接触后卵囊经口感染,引起以腹泻为主要临床

隐孢子虫属原生动物寄生虫,宿主范围非常广泛,包括人、家畜、家禽、伴侣动物和野生动物等。主要通过摄入被粪便污染的水或食物中的隐孢子虫卵囊,或与受感染的动物或人直接接触后卵囊经口感染,引起以腹泻为主要临床表现的隐孢子虫病。

隐孢子虫病属新发传染病,被世界卫生组织列为六大腹泻病之一。隐孢子虫主要危害婴幼儿和免疫系统受损人群,也是全球水源性腹泻病暴发的最常见病因。

但隐孢子虫病在全球范围内仍然被忽视,尤其是经济欠发达地区,且该病至今尚无有效治疗药物和预防疫苗。隐孢子虫种类繁多,迄今已有40多个虫种和120多个基因型,其中19个虫种和4种基因型可感染人体。虽然人体感染中90%以上为人隐孢子虫和微小隐孢子虫,但近年来新的人兽共患虫种和基因型(如安氏隐孢子虫)的不断发现,加剧了其对公共卫生的潜在威胁及健康风险。

因此,隐孢子虫病作为一种与人类、动物和我们共同生活的环境密切相关的疾病,非常适合用One Health理念来应对及提出有效防控策略。长江三角洲地区(简称长三角地区),包括上海市、江苏省、浙江省、安徽省,是中国经济发达、人口最多的地区。

2019年5月共同签署三省一市卫生健康合作备忘录,共同推进长三角地区卫生健康事业高质量发展。特别是在推进公共卫生一体化方面,将深化联防联控机制,加强重大传染病疫情信息通报和卫生应急联动;加强重特大突发公共卫生事件应急联动。而传染性肠道疾病的流行病学监测是一项重要的公共卫生措施。系统掌握该地区人、动物和环境(水源)隐孢子虫感染或污染状况、虫种分布及分子特征等病原学及其流行病学特征,可为有效监测和应对隐孢子虫病等被忽视热带病的暴发提供关键信息支撑。

2022年2月17日,Zoonoses在线发表了中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所(国家热带病研究中心)曹建平研究员团队综述《Burden of Cryptosporidium Infections in the Yangtze River Delta in China in the 21st Century: A One Health Perspective》(基于One Health 理念的21世纪中国长三角地区隐孢子虫感染负担)。

该综述分析了2001年以来长三角地区人、动物隐孢子虫感染和水体中隐孢子虫污染水平,阐述了该地区隐孢子虫流行病学研究的不足和面临的挑战,并对长三角一体化过程中,如何应对隐孢子虫病等新发传染病的联防联控机制提出建议

隐孢子虫广泛存在于长三角地区的居民、多种动物和各类水体中,大多数人兽共患的隐孢子虫虫种(人隐孢子虫、微小隐孢子虫、火鸡隐孢子虫、安氏隐孢子虫、鼠隐孢子虫、猪隐孢子虫、旅行者隐孢子虫、泛在隐孢子虫、猫隐孢子虫、种母猪隐孢子虫、肖氏隐孢子虫、牛隐孢子虫、兔隐孢子虫和犬隐孢子虫)也已在该地区报告,大多数虫种污染着水体,且水体中检出虫种和基因型远比人和动物感染的虫种和基因型更丰富;然而其潜在的感染源或污染源尚不明确,存在极大的公共健康威胁。

同时,团队提出了以下的不足,以供后续研究及制定相关防控策略参考:

(1) 虽然开展了大量的隐孢子虫感染调查,但尚未开展全区域人群隐孢子虫感染及流行情况系统研究;

(2) 大部分报道来自对不同区域的人、牛、羊、猪等多个宿主或水体,进行的零散横断面调查(图1a-e),没有对人-动物-环境界面进行系统监测,不能清晰描述隐孢子虫传播的实际途径;

(3) 尽管隐孢子虫病广泛流行且影响越来越大,但其流行病学调查仍存在诸多缺陷,尤其是有效诊断工具的匮乏。显微镜镜检技术仍然是检测粪便样本中隐孢子虫卵囊最广泛使用的方法,尤其是人体粪便样本的检测,易引起误诊和漏诊;

(4) 省内及省际间隐孢子虫病监测工作缺乏合作,与长三角地区公共卫生一体化建设相差甚远;

(5) One Health理念尚未充分应用于应对隐孢子虫感染或隐孢子虫病研究与防控,尚未见在该地区关于除人、动物和水以外的其他传播因素的报道(图1f)。

图1. 长三角地区不同宿主和水体中隐孢子虫分布

该综述基于One Health理念,对21世纪长三角地区隐孢子虫的感染或污染状况进行分析,并对后续推动该地区隐孢子虫病等联防联控的有效落实提出建议。长三角地区亟需加强对隐孢子虫新检测技术的研发和推广;建立包括隐孢子虫病等被忽视热带病在内的综合传染病监测网络,真正实现人-动物-环境-食品等一体化的病原体实时检测和监测

此外,加强多部门合作,加强省内和省际信息交流和数据共享,从而真正实现基于One Health理念,通过以传染病防控为重点,惠及人民健康,助力长三角一体化公共卫生的高质量发展。

作者简介

尹建海,博士,中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所(国家热带病研究中心)副研究员。主要研究领域:疟疾、包虫病和隐孢子虫病等重要和新发寄生虫病的分子流行病学、分子诊断技术和病原与宿主相关作用关系研究。在国内外杂志发表学术论文70余篇,参编参译学术专着5部,以主要完成人获省部级奖项4项。兼任中华医学会热带病与寄生虫学分会青年委员,《Zoonoses》《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》和《疾病监测》青年编委,《Frontiers in Microbiology》期刊客座副主编。

曹建平,博士,中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所(国家热带病研究中心)副所长,二级研究员,博士生导师;上海交通大学医学院兼职教师,博士生导师。中华医学科技奖评审委员会委员、上海市寄生虫学会理事长、中华医学会热带病与寄生虫学分会副主任委员、中国微生物学会人兽共患病病原学专业委员会副主任委员、中华预防医学会寄生虫分会常务委员、中国动物学会原生动物学分会委员、上海市免疫学会理事、上海市科委技术预见专家,《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》主编、《疾病监测》副主编。主要开展寄生虫病防治与研究。

原始出处:

Jianhai Yin, Yujuan Shen, Jianping Cao. Burden of Cryptosporidium Infections in the Yangtze River Delta in China in the 21st Century: A One Health Perspective. Zoonose, 17 February 2022.

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1861490, encodeId=4692186149078, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=401a23e102' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ALT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2371, encryptionId=401a23e102, topicName=ALT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccbd84, createdName=shizhenshan, createdTime=Sat Oct 29 11:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2032379, encodeId=884b20323e9c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d799688406' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#长三角地区#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96884, encryptionId=5d799688406, topicName=长三角地区)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu Jul 07 09:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1516300, encodeId=80ea1516300d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac9596880e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#长三角#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96880, encryptionId=ac9596880e3, topicName=长三角)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c57810951213, createdName=12498d2fm54(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Feb 21 04:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1569795, encodeId=98791569e957a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=49e0161680c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16168, encryptionId=49e0161680c, topicName=SES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6fc215562628, createdName=dongjia2015, createdTime=Mon Feb 21 04:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1621943, encodeId=31c5162194392, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f1386329e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Health#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8632, encryptionId=5f1386329e, topicName=Health)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8d2020283215, createdName=yyanpro@28cn.c, createdTime=Mon Feb 21 04:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195304, encodeId=7558119530466, content=看看,学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=066c2128345, createdName=1351fc2f66m, createdTime=Sun Feb 20 10:56:30 CST 2022, time=2022-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195198, encodeId=25bc1195198dc, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:24:22 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-21 dongjia2015
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1861490, encodeId=4692186149078, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=401a23e102' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ALT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2371, encryptionId=401a23e102, topicName=ALT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccbd84, createdName=shizhenshan, createdTime=Sat Oct 29 11:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2032379, encodeId=884b20323e9c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d799688406' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#长三角地区#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96884, encryptionId=5d799688406, topicName=长三角地区)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu Jul 07 09:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1516300, encodeId=80ea1516300d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac9596880e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#长三角#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96880, encryptionId=ac9596880e3, topicName=长三角)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c57810951213, createdName=12498d2fm54(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Feb 21 04:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1569795, encodeId=98791569e957a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=49e0161680c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16168, encryptionId=49e0161680c, topicName=SES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6fc215562628, createdName=dongjia2015, createdTime=Mon Feb 21 04:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1621943, encodeId=31c5162194392, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f1386329e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Health#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8632, encryptionId=5f1386329e, topicName=Health)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8d2020283215, createdName=yyanpro@28cn.c, createdTime=Mon Feb 21 04:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195304, encodeId=7558119530466, content=看看,学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=066c2128345, createdName=1351fc2f66m, createdTime=Sun Feb 20 10:56:30 CST 2022, time=2022-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195198, encodeId=25bc1195198dc, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:24:22 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1861490, encodeId=4692186149078, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=401a23e102' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ALT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2371, encryptionId=401a23e102, topicName=ALT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccbd84, createdName=shizhenshan, createdTime=Sat Oct 29 11:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2032379, encodeId=884b20323e9c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d799688406' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#长三角地区#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96884, encryptionId=5d799688406, topicName=长三角地区)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu Jul 07 09:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1516300, encodeId=80ea1516300d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac9596880e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#长三角#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96880, encryptionId=ac9596880e3, topicName=长三角)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c57810951213, createdName=12498d2fm54(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Feb 21 04:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1569795, encodeId=98791569e957a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=49e0161680c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16168, encryptionId=49e0161680c, topicName=SES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6fc215562628, createdName=dongjia2015, createdTime=Mon Feb 21 04:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1621943, encodeId=31c5162194392, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f1386329e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Health#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8632, encryptionId=5f1386329e, topicName=Health)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8d2020283215, createdName=yyanpro@28cn.c, createdTime=Mon Feb 21 04:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195304, encodeId=7558119530466, content=看看,学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=066c2128345, createdName=1351fc2f66m, createdTime=Sun Feb 20 10:56:30 CST 2022, time=2022-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195198, encodeId=25bc1195198dc, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:24:22 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-20 1351fc2f66m

    看看,学习一下

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1861490, encodeId=4692186149078, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=401a23e102' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ALT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2371, encryptionId=401a23e102, topicName=ALT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccbd84, createdName=shizhenshan, createdTime=Sat Oct 29 11:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2032379, encodeId=884b20323e9c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d799688406' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#长三角地区#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96884, encryptionId=5d799688406, topicName=长三角地区)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu Jul 07 09:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1516300, encodeId=80ea1516300d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac9596880e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#长三角#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96880, encryptionId=ac9596880e3, topicName=长三角)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c57810951213, createdName=12498d2fm54(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Feb 21 04:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1569795, encodeId=98791569e957a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=49e0161680c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16168, encryptionId=49e0161680c, topicName=SES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6fc215562628, createdName=dongjia2015, createdTime=Mon Feb 21 04:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1621943, encodeId=31c5162194392, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f1386329e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Health#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8632, encryptionId=5f1386329e, topicName=Health)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8d2020283215, createdName=yyanpro@28cn.c, createdTime=Mon Feb 21 04:25:58 CST 2022, time=2022-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195304, encodeId=7558119530466, content=看看,学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=066c2128345, createdName=1351fc2f66m, createdTime=Sun Feb 20 10:56:30 CST 2022, time=2022-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195198, encodeId=25bc1195198dc, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:24:22 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-19 130a765fm69暂无昵称

    学习

    0