Nature Metabolism:中科院孙宇团队发现,葡萄籽提取物有抗衰老潜力

2022-02-16 “E药世界”公众号 “E药世界”公众号

随着全球老龄化的加速,世界各国纷纷掀起了一股抗衰老研究的热潮,各种抗衰老药物和疗法也相继被发掘,例如烟酰胺、二甲双胍和Senolytics疗法等。

衰老是一种自然过程,随着年龄的增长所有人都会慢慢衰老,随着人类的自然衰老,暴露在化学物质或辐射中也会让我们的细胞衰老,改变或终止它们的正常功能。衰老细胞会产生衰老相关的分泌表型(SASP),日积月累导致生理功能的年龄相关性退化和多种年龄相关性病理症状。

近年来,随着全球老龄化的加速,世界各国纷纷掀起了一股抗衰老研究的热潮,各种抗衰老药物和疗法也相继被发掘,例如烟酰胺、二甲双胍和Senolytics疗法等。

2021年12月6日,中科院上海营养与健康研究所孙宇团队(上海营养与健康研究所许奇霞博士后和滨州医学院付强教授为论文共同第一作者)在 Nature Metabolism 期刊发表了题为:The flavonoid procyanidin C1 has senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice 的研究论文。

这项研究发现,葡萄籽中的一种天然化合物——黄酮类化合物原花青素C1——能破坏促衰老细胞,进而提升老年小鼠的健康和寿命。

研究团队还从多角度、多层面、多系统揭示了原花青素C1发挥抗衰老和促进机体延寿的生物学机制。

研究团队利用一个含有体外人类前列腺细胞的模型筛选了一组天然提取物。他们发现,葡萄籽提取物(GSE)和其关键成分原花青素C1(PCC1),对衰老细胞具有特定作用,能有效地选择性杀死衰老细胞,同时保证正常细胞完好无损。

在低浓度下,原花青素C1(PCC1)似乎能够抑制衰老相关分泌表型(SASP)的形成,而在较高浓度下它选择性地杀死衰老细胞,这可能是通过促进活性氧的产生和线粒体功能障碍实现的。

在衰老细胞会引起疾病的多个小鼠模型中,比如在辐射暴露后产生的衰老细胞,注射PCC1能减少衰老细胞数量,改善小鼠的健康水平。PCC1还能提高免疫缺陷小鼠的化疗效果。

此外,91只老年小鼠(年龄在24-27个月的48只雄鼠和43只雌鼠,相当于人类75-90岁)在每两周注射PCC1后,剩余寿命延长了60%以上,即总寿命延长了约9%。

该研究从人类衰老的内在机理出发,聚焦低毒性的天然来源化合物,展示了葡萄籽提取物(GSE)作为植物初级提取物的抗衰老功效,并进一步发现其核心组分原花青素C1(PCC1)能选择性诱导衰老细胞凋亡,同时结合多种细胞类型和动物模型的系统论证,全面揭示了PCC1在抗衰老方面的有效性、安全性和持久性。

2015年,美国梅奥医学中心的 James Kirkland 博士等在 Aging Cell 杂志发表论文,报道了一类选择性杀伤衰老细胞的药物组合——Senolytics。达沙替尼和槲皮素组成的Senolytics疗法可以能够选择性地诱导衰老细胞死亡。其中,达沙替尼可清除衰老的人脂肪细胞祖细胞,而槲皮素可以杀伤衰老的人内皮细胞和小鼠骨髓干细胞,两者联合使用效果更强。

不同于Senolytics,来自天然植物界的PCC1兼具抑制衰老相关的分泌表型(SASP)和选择性清除衰老细胞的双重功效,是一种使用方法更加灵活且临床应用价值更高的新型抗衰老药物。该研究为天然来源的抗衰老药物的基础研究和技术开发提供了新的思路,同时为缓解机体衰老、延长健康寿命等生物医学领域开创了新的方向。

值得一提的是,孙宇团队的这项研究也得到了 James Kirkland 等人的支持和帮助。

研究团队指出,还需进一步阐明PCC1作用的具体分子作用机制。虽然注射PCC1似乎在临床前试验的小鼠中耐受良好,但仍需开展进一步研究确定安全剂量是多少,以及研究结果是否适用于人类。

100年前,我们认为癌症和心脏病都是自然的,而如今,我们已经能够治疗甚至预防癌症和心脏病这些疾病。

一直以来,我们认为衰老和死亡是自然的,人类随着年纪的增长,会自然地衰老和死亡,然而,至今科学家们并没有找到死亡不可避免的证据,而且越来越多的研究表明,衰老能够被延缓甚至逆转。

人类的衰老和死亡伴随着疾病的出现,如果我们把衰老本身看做一种疾病,像治疗疾病一样治疗衰老,或许能为日益严峻的人口老龄化带来帮助,也将产生巨大的社会和经济效益。

原始出处:

Xu, Q., Fu, Q., Li, Z. et al. The flavonoid procyanidin C1 has senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice. Nat Metab (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-021-00491-8.

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    2022-10-04 gous
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    2022-02-10 guojianrong
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    2022-02-03 一闲
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    2022-03-15 ms6000000230797224

    0

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    2022-07-11 liye789132251
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    2021-12-15 闆锋旦

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