Nat Med:研究发现儿童致命脑肿瘤的新疗法

2015-05-05 Zhang JL译 MedSci原创

通过收集美国和欧洲儿童的大脑肿瘤的样本,一个国际科学家小组发现药物panobinostat和类似的基因调节药物可以有效地治疗弥漫性内在脑桥的神经胶质瘤(DIPG),后者是儿科癌症中具有侵袭性和致命性的肿瘤。该项研究发表在最新一期“Nature Medicine”杂志上,由美国国立卫生研究院、美国国防部以及超过25个非营利基金会资助,致力于寻找治疗儿童脑癌的方法。“我们的研究结果为治疗这种令人心碎的

通过收集美国和欧洲儿童的大脑肿瘤的样本,一个国际科学家小组发现药物panobinostat和类似的基因调节药物可以有效地治疗弥漫性内在脑桥的神经胶质瘤(DIPG),后者是儿科癌症中具有侵袭性和致命性的肿瘤。该项研究发表在最新一期“Nature Medicine”杂志上,由美国国立卫生研究院、美国国防部以及超过25个非营利基金会资助,致力于寻找治疗儿童脑癌的方法。

“我们的研究结果为治疗这种令人心碎的疾病提供了一线希望,” 该研究的作者、DIPG的专家、加利福尼亚州斯坦福大学医学院神经病学和神经科学教授Michelle Monje说,“关注DIPG病人让我有动力寻找新的方法来治疗他们。”

DIPG通常侵犯4到9岁的儿童。患病的孩子因肿瘤迅速侵犯脑桥而逐渐失去对肌肉的控制,由于脑桥是深处的一个脑区,连接大脑和脊髓,因此难以达到手术移除的目的。尽管可以接受放射治疗,但孩子们的生存期通常约为9个月,生存超过5年的不到1%。

六年前, Monje博士开始创建与病人DIPG细胞的共培养,以在实验室进行研究。在这项研究中,她和她的同事们培养了来自美国和欧洲的16个病人的细胞,用此来寻找可以杀死或停止DIPG细胞生长的药物。通过细胞学以及小鼠体内的实验,她们发现一种原本设计用于改变细胞调节基因方式的药物——panobinostat可以有效地抑制DIPG增长和延长生存率。

“这是令人震惊的!在仅仅的六年中,科学家已经从几乎不了解这类肿瘤到从基因层面深入探讨并发现一种潜在的治疗方法,”国立卫生研究院的一部分——国家神经疾病和中风研究所(NINDS)项目带头人Jane Fountain博士说,“这项研究集中体现了协作医学工作。该研究用了一个专门的国际科学家小组与病人、家庭和基金会共同协作得到了这一成果。”

科学家们从执行大规模筛选实验开始,通过这一种先进的方法迅速寻找有效的化合物。同时检测83种已知或潜在的抗癌药物在DIPG细胞系中进行筛选。他们发现被称为组蛋白去乙酰酶抑制剂(HDAC)抑制剂的药物能够持续使DIPG增殖放缓。这些药物能够阻断组蛋白去乙酰酶,而后者能够通过从组蛋白消除称为乙酰基的化学标记调节基因表达。当科学家们在DIPG细胞中从基因水平阻断组蛋白去乙酰酶时也发现了类似结果。

科学家们还分析了每个细胞系的基因。在回顾基因和筛选数据后,他们决定关注panobinostat,后者为一种能够阻止多种类型组蛋白去乙酰酶的抑制剂。在培养皿中,他们发现panobinostat能够抑制12/16 DIPG细胞株的生长。当科学家们把DIPG细胞注入老鼠脑桥后,发现系统性注射panobinostat能够抑制DIPG生长并延长小鼠的生存期。

“所有的道路都指向组蛋白,”Monje博士说,“我们的结果支持这一想法,了解和治疗DIPG的关键是组蛋白修饰。”

科学家们指出panobistat可能有效地治疗各种DIPG肿瘤。大约有80%的DIPG肿瘤有一个特定的组蛋白基因突变。 这种突变称为H3K27M的突变,能够阻断甲基转移酶为组蛋白添加甲基基团的能力。虽然H3K27M突变干扰不同的化学标签系统,但科学家们指出panobinostat能够延缓具有这一种突变细胞的生长。Panobinostat同样也能延缓不具有这种突变的DIPG细胞的生长。

最后,科学家们指出panobinostat可以联合其他治疗药物进行治疗。研究对panobinostat产生抵抗的H3K27M细胞发现,一种能够阻断组蛋白甲基基团去除的药物——GSKJ4,减缓肿瘤的生长。联合panobistat和GSKJ4更有效地延缓肿瘤的增长,说明这两种化合物具有协同作用。

“这可能是改善这个看似无法治愈的疾病预后的第一步。”Monje博士说。

原始出处:

Catherine S Grasso, Yujie Tang, Nathalene Truffaux, et al.Functionally defined therapeutic targets in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Nature Medicine, 2015; DOI: 10.1038/nm.3855

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    2015-05-28 liye789132251
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