限制肺活量和心脏代谢合并症:来自基于国际人群的BOLD研究的结果

2022-02-24 刘少飞 MedSci原创

肺功能受限,即低用力肺活量 (FVC) 是否能预测慢性心脏代谢疾病尚不清楚。在这项国际人群研究中,我们评估了肺功能受限与心脏代谢合并症之间的关系。

限制性肺功能定义为肺扩张减少,表现为总肺活量减少。它可能反映了几种潜在的状况和疾病,例如间质性肺疾病、胸腔积液和疾病、胸部畸形、神经肌肉疾病、膈肌疾病、肥胖、心力衰竭、怀孕和疼痛。动态肺活量测定法在识别限制性肺病方面存在局限性,但在用力肺活量 (FVC) 正常时可以有效排除限制性疾病。此外,肺活量测定受限与临床相关,因为它很普遍并且与生活质量受损和死亡率增加有关.

肺功能受限与女性、老年人、重度吸烟者、体重过轻或肥胖以及工业中的体力劳动者有关。结核病史,特别是在这种常见病的低收入和中等收入国家,是一个额外的风险因素。一些北美和欧洲的研究报告了限制性肺功能与心脏病、高血压糖尿病的关联。低 FVC 也与心脏代谢疾病的标志物有关。此外,最近的研究表明,成年早期肺功能下降(定义为第一秒用力呼气量 (FEV1 )低于预测值的 80%)与更高和更早的呼吸、心血管和代谢合并症发病率有关晚年。

在阻塞性肺疾病负担 (BOLD) 研究中,一项基于人群的国际研究涵盖了具有不同种族、经济和社会文化背景的大量国家,我们调查了肺功能受限与自我存在之间的关联- 报告医生诊断的心血管 (CVD)、高血压和糖尿病,同时考虑年龄、性别、教育、吸烟和体重指数 (BMI) 等风险因素。此外,我们对高收入和低/中等收入国家的结果进行了分层。

研究方法:

共有来自五大洲(29 个国家的 33 个地点)的 23,623 名受试者(47.5% 的男性,19.0% 的当前吸烟者,年龄:55.1 ± 10.8 岁)参与了阻塞性肺疾病负担 (BOLD) 研究。肺活量受限定义为支气管扩张剂后 FVC < 参考值的第 5 个百分位。通过问卷调查获得医生诊断的心血管疾病(CVD;心脏病或中风)、高血压和糖尿病的自我报告。

Fig. 1

研究结果:

总体而言,31.7% 的参与者肺功能受限。然而,肺功能受限的患病率变化了大约 10 倍,在温哥华(加拿大)最低(8.5%),在斯里兰卡最高(81.3%)。与肺功能受限相关的粗比值比为 1.60(95% CI 1.37-1.86),CVD 为 1.53(95% CI 1.40-1.66),糖尿病为 1.98(95% CI 1.71-2.29)。在调整年龄、性别、教育程度、体重指数 (BMI) 和吸烟后,CVD 的优势比为 1.54 (95% CI 1.33-1.79),高血压的优势比为 1.50 (95% CI 1.39-1.63),而高血压的优势比为 1.86 (95 % CI 1.59-2.17) 用于糖尿病。

Fig. 2

不同地点之间的肺活量测定患病率受限。每个部位限制性肺功能的患病率。红条给出了总体平均患病率。绿色条表示高收入国家,蓝色条表示低收入国家

研究结论:

在这项基于人群的研究中,包括来自 29 个国家的 33 个地点,涉及超过 23,000 名具有高质量支气管扩张剂后肺活量测定的个体,限制性肺量测定与自我报告的糖尿病、高血压和 CVD 的患病率相关。这些关联几乎没有因年龄、性别、吸烟、BMI和教育而减弱。无论国民总收入如何,这些发现在不同地点都是一致的。在这项基于人群的国际多地点研究中,肺活量受限与心脏代谢疾病有关。当考虑到心脏代谢风险因素时,这些关联的程度似乎没有减弱。

 

参考文献:

Kulbacka-Ortiz K. Restricted spirometry and cardiometabolic comorbidities: results from the international population based BOLD study. Respir Res. 2022 Feb 17;23(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s12931-022-01939-5. PMID: 35177082.

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    2022-06-28 klivis
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    2022-03-01 ms4000000559127129

    学习了,获益匪浅

    0

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