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BMC Med:肥胖的代谢特征与结直肠癌和子宫内膜癌相关,减肥后可逆转!

2021-12-28 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

肥胖是至少13种不同类型癌症的一个重要危险因素。据估计,全球癌症负担总量的3.9%(2012年约为55万例)与肥胖有关,而5.7%(2012年约为80万例)归因于肥胖和2型糖尿病两者。实验和分子流行病

肥胖是至少13种不同类型癌症的一个重要危险因素。据估计,全球癌症负担总量的3.9%(2012年约为55万例)与肥胖有关,而5.7%(2012年约为80万例)归因于肥胖和2型糖尿病两者。实验和分子流行病学研究表明,性激素代谢失调、脂肪组织衍生炎症和胰岛素信号的改变在调解肥胖与癌症关联方面起着重要作用。然而,其他迄今尚未确定的生物学途径也可能成为这些关系的基础。此外,目前还不清楚减肥是否会促进将肥胖与癌症发生联系起来的代谢途径的变化,以及最终是否会降低患癌症的风险。


代谢组学是一种通过同时测量人体生物液体或组织中的多种代谢物,来识别代谢变化和生物标志物以理解病理生理学过程的既定技术。代谢组学分析有可能识别与癌症相关的特定代谢表型,并提供对癌症发展中相关机械通路的见解。

 



近日,发表在BMC Medicine杂志上的一项研究,来自世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构和英国利兹大学等机构的研究人员鉴定了较大体型的代谢特征,并调查了它们与两种与肥胖相关的恶性肿瘤,子宫内膜癌和结直肠癌之间的关联以及在干预性研究的情况下与体重减轻的关联。

 



该研究使用了来自欧洲癌症和营养前瞻性调查(EPIC)队列中登记的4326名参与者以及一项单臂初步减肥干预性研究(Intercept)中的17名个体的靶向质谱代谢组学数据。首先在EPIC参与者中的发现集(N = 3029)和重复集(N = 1297)中确定体型的代谢特征,使用线性回归模型检验129种代谢物与体质指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)和腰臀比(WHR)之间的关联,然后进行偏最小二乘法分析。条件logistic回归模型评估这些代谢特征与子宫内膜癌(N = 635例和648名对照)和结肠直肠癌(N = 423例和423名对照)风险之间的关联,使用EPIC中的巢式病例对照研究。在Intercept参与者中检验了代谢特征变化与减肥之间的皮尔逊相关系数。


研究结果发现,经过多重比较调整后,较大的BMI、WC和WHR与较高水平的缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、谷氨酸、(二酰基磷脂酰胆碱)PC aa C38:3和PC aa C38:4相关,与较低水平的天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、丝氨酸、(酰基溶血磷脂酰胆碱)lysoPC C17:0、lysoPC C18:1、lysoPC C18:2、(二酰基磷脂酰胆碱)PC aa C42:0、(酰基烷基磷脂酰胆碱)PC ae C34:3、PC ae C40:5和PC ae C42:5相关。BMI(OR1-sd 1.50, 95% CI 1.30–1.74)、WC(OR1-sd 1.46, 95% CI 1.27–1.69)和WHR(OR1-sd 1.54, 95% CI 1.33–1.79)的代谢特征都与子宫内膜癌风险相关。结直肠癌风险与WHR(OR1-sd: 1.26, 95% CI 1.07–1.49)的代谢特征呈正相关。在Intercept研究中,观察到减肥与BMI(r = 0.5, 95% CI 0.06–0.94, p = 0.03)、WC(r = 0.5, 95% CI 0.05–0.94, p = 0.03)和WHR(r = 0.6, 95% CI 0.32–0.87, p = 0.01)的代谢特征变化之间呈正相关。

 



发现集中代谢物与BMI、WC和WHR之间的关联



结直肠癌和子宫内膜癌与肥胖代谢特征的关联


Intercept初步干预中肥胖的代谢组学特征、代谢物变化和减肥


研究人员指出,与以前的研究一致,目前的分析显示了较大的体型与氨基酸缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、谷氨酸和生物胺犬尿氨酸之间的关联。然而,这项研究也为EPIC中体重与氨基酸苯丙氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺和甘氨酸之间的关联提供了有力的证据,其他代谢组学研究也支持这种关联。针对检查血清代谢物浓度与癌症诊断关联的病例对照研究的系统综述报告说,酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸与结直肠癌和子宫内膜癌两者都相关,而缬氨酸和谷氨酸只与子宫内膜癌相关。


与其他研究一致,肥胖的代谢特征反映了脂质调节障碍,如较高水平的diacyl PCs和较低水平的acyl-alkyl PCs。其中一些脂质改变也与癌症风险有关。


重要的是,较大的WHR的代谢特征与子宫内膜癌风险呈正相关,无论个人的体脂如何。这表明,WHR的代谢特征有可能区分体型相似但代谢健康状况不同的个体。这些结果证实了其他研究,表明通常伴随肥胖的代谢变化,如胰岛素抵抗和高胰岛素血症,对于某些癌症来说,可能是比肥胖本身相关性更强的风险因子。


Intercept减肥干预促进了与肥胖和癌症风险一直呈正相关联的氨基酸和生物胺水平的下降,如酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、谷氨酸和犬尿氨酸,表明减肥后肥胖者患癌症的风险降低。


总之,这项研究表明,肥胖与独特的代谢特征相关,包括特定氨基酸和脂质水平的变化,它们与结直肠癌和子宫内膜癌呈正相关,在减肥后可能逆转。这些发现可能为了解肥胖与癌症关系背后的病理生理机制提供见解。此外,通过测量特定的代谢物组,有可能确定肥胖相关癌症风险较高的人群分层。未来的研究应着眼于进一步探索肥胖对代谢组学的影响,例如,使用非靶向代谢组学,这可能发现可能与癌症发生相关的其他通路。


原始出处:
Nathalie Kliemann, Vivian Viallon et al. Metabolic signatures of greater body size and their associations with risk of colorectal and endometrial cancers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. BMC Med. 2021 Apr 30;19(1):101.  doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-01970-1.

 

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    2021-12-28 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

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