[SIBCS2017]在故事开始的地方,Richard S. Finn教授谈CDK4/6抑制剂成功的漫漫长路

2017-10-25 佚名 ioncology

每年的上海国际乳腺癌论坛(SIBCS)除了邀请国内的乳腺领域大咖之外,也会邀请国际顶级的乳腺科专家,共同探讨最新的乳腺癌治疗理念。在不久前落幕的第12届SIBCS会议上,加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校戴维·格芬医学学院Richard S. Finn教授报告了乳腺癌细胞周期调控研究进展。在《肿瘤了望》的采访中,Richard S. Finn教授分享了他在该领域的研究工作,以及CDK4/6抑制剂在乳腺癌治疗

每年的上海国际乳腺癌论坛(SIBCS)除了邀请国内的乳腺领域大咖之外,也会邀请国际顶级的乳腺科专家,共同探讨最新的乳腺癌治疗理念。在不久前落幕的第12届SIBCS会议上,加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校戴维·格芬医学学院Richard S. Finn教授报告了乳腺癌细胞周期调控研究进展。在《肿瘤了望》的采访中,Richard S. Finn教授分享了他在该领域的研究工作,以及CDK4/6抑制剂在乳腺癌治疗中面临的挑战。

《肿瘤了望》:细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(CDK)4/6作为抗肿瘤靶点的优势有哪些?

Finn教授:细胞周期的失调被认为是癌症的一个标志性特征,而癌症是细胞不受控制的恶性增殖。细胞周期的失调与其调控机制的改变有关。细胞周期是由周期蛋白(Cyclin)和CDK之间的相互作用所驱动。从G1期到S期是细胞正常复制的关键时期,Cyclin D1和CDK4/6相互作用,可磷酸化抑癌基因蛋白 Rb(视网膜母细胞瘤蛋白),使细胞顺利通过细胞周期 G1/S 检查点,促使细胞周期从G1期转换到S期。由于Cyclin D-CDK4/6轴调节细胞周期,研究人员开始了靶向这条途径治疗癌症的各种尝试。

大约十年前,我和Dennis J Slamon博士与辉瑞合作,在加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)开展了临床前研究,研究发现在ER+/HER2- 乳腺癌患者中抑制CDK4/6非常重要,CDK4/6抑制剂palbociclib与抗雌激素药物(如他莫昔芬)具有协同作用。这项发现开启了palbociclib的临床研发历程,随后其他CDK4/6抑制剂也相继开始研发。

《肿瘤了望》:您作为PI主导了几项重要的CDK4/6抑制剂研发试验,请谈一谈您的研究发现,以及CDK4/6抑制剂在HR+/HER2-转移性乳腺癌治疗中的作用。

Finn教授:基于临床前研究数据,我们首先开展了PALOMA-1/TRIO-18 试验,这是一项开放标签的II期临床研究,用来确认实验室观察到的palbociclib与抗雌激素药物的协同作用。研究对比了palbociclib+来曲唑和来曲唑单药在165例绝经后ER+/HER2- 晚期乳腺癌患者中的应用。研究发现,palbociclib联合来曲唑组的PFS延长了10个月(20.2 vs. 10.2),而且不良反应可控,最常见的副作用是中性粒细胞减少,但没有中性粒细胞减少性发热。这是乳腺癌治疗史上的一项标志性研究,基于此,2015 年FDA加速批准了palbociclib联合来曲唑作为内分泌治疗为基础的初始方案用于 ER+/HER2- 绝经后晚期乳腺癌。

纳入616例患者的III期PALOMA-2 研究有力验证了与之相似设计的II期PALOMA-1研究结果,PFS从14.5个月延长到24.8个月,再次获得10个月PFS获益,研究数据在2016年发表于《新英格兰医学杂志》。PALOMA-2在总体人群及所有亚组中均观察到CDK4/6抑制剂一致性的获益。安全性也很相似,发热性中性粒细胞减少的发生率低至1.5%左右。

而PALOMA-3试验证实,在非甾体类芳香化酶抑制剂(AIs)耐药的HR+/HER2-晚期乳腺癌患者中,palbociclib+氟维司群较单用氟维司群显着改善了中位PFS,药物安全性与之前的报道相似。palbociclib在乳腺癌中的研究发现也被其他CDK4/6抑制剂(ribociclib和abemaciclib)进一步验证。

《肿瘤了望》:三个CDK4/6抑制剂有无区别?

Finn教授:目前三个CDK4/6抑制剂都在ER+/HER2-乳腺癌患者中开展了随机试验,药物临床研发设计(paradigm)都很相似——联合非甾体类AIs或氟维司群治疗晚期乳腺癌。三个CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗相比单用内分泌治疗增加的生存获益差不多,有效性非常相似。在给药方式上有些差异,palbociclib和ribociclib是治疗3周之后停药1周,abemaciclib是持续用药,但给药方式似乎没有对疗效产生任何影响。

三个药物的不良反应有相似也有差异,都会造成一定程度的中性粒细胞减少——我认为这是药物抑制CDK4/6起效的标志。在palbociclib和ribociclib研究中,3级中性粒细胞减少的发生率都为50%左右(ANC 500-1000/mm3),是最常见的不良反应。但相关并发症比如发热性中性粒细胞减少的发生率很低。有所不同的是,abemaciclib的腹泻发生率更高,这是最常见的不良事件,它也会造成中性粒细胞减少,但发生率要低一些。看看三个药物的FDA说明书(label)就知道了,在"警告"部分有差异,palbociclib的警告包括中性粒细胞减少症等。ribociclib有中性粒细胞减少症,也要求监测AST/ALT 转氨酶升高,监测心电图QTc 间期的小幅度延长。而abemaciclib的警告包括腹泻、血栓栓塞事件增加(abemaciclib联合非甾体AIs的研究中发生),也有中性粒细胞减少,要求监测AST和ALT。

《肿瘤了望》:CDK4/6抑制剂是否可能用于ER+型乳腺癌之外的其他乳腺癌类型?

Finn教授:我认为CDK4/6抑制剂用于ER+型之外的其他乳腺癌类型是有可能的,相关研究已经开始。我们获得的临床前数据显示,palbociclib联合抗HER-2疗法(如曲妥珠单抗)的确具有协同作用。三种CDK4/6抑制剂联合抗HER-2疗法的研究都在开展。能否用于三阴性乳腺癌还有待临床观察,不是说不可能,只是不会适用于所有病例,或许我们可以用生物标志物来选择合适的患者群体,比如具有完整Rb基因的患者群体(Rb基因在三阴性乳腺癌中异常缺失)。也有人提出,Cyclin E基因扩增可能是一种耐药标志物,而且Cyclin E基因扩增也会发生于三阴性乳腺癌。总之,如果要把CDK4/6抑制剂用于ER+或HER2+型之外乳腺癌或其他癌症类型,我们可能需要使用一些生物标志物来选择患者。

《肿瘤了望》:乳腺癌CDK4/6抑制剂治疗未来面临哪些挑战?

Finn教授:CDK4/6抑制剂在乳腺癌领域的研究进展相对较快,目前已经有了3个可用的药物,未来需要解决的问题包括:①CDK4/6抑制剂的获得性耐药性机制是什么?当患者开始对CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗耐药时,下一步怎么治疗?在后CDK4/6时代,可否应用氟维司群或依维莫司或依维莫司+依西美坦治疗?目前还没有这些治疗策略的前瞻性数据。②疾病进展后继续CDK4/6抑制剂治疗是否有获益,这也是未来需要研究的众多问题中的一个。③CDK4/6抑制剂治疗早期乳腺癌是一个非常有前景的领域,相关研究正在进行中。


Richard Samuel Finn

洛杉矶加利福尼亚大学格芬医学院助理教授,信号传导和治疗项目主任;2015年担任国际肝癌协会主席;参与了HER2致癌基因的早期实验室研究,并与丹尼斯·史莱门教授一起研究了该靶向乳腺癌的单克隆抗体;参加了曲妥珠单抗最终人源化并被FDA批准为临床候选药物的临床前研究;目前致力于患者治疗和血液学肿瘤学转化研究实验室指导工作,研究集中于通过组织学研发实体肿瘤靶向疗法、肝胆和乳腺癌靶向药物研发。

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    2017-11-22 andy2087
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    2018-05-19 jklm09
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    2018-03-26 soongzhihua
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    2017-10-27 diushouji
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    2017-10-27 zhouqu_8
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    2017-10-27 zhangj7111

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