PLOS Med:目前接种覆盖率下,男女都打HPV可以促进预防病毒感染

2021-06-19 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

世界卫生组织(WHO)曾呼吁将宫颈癌作为一个公共卫生问题来消除。

世界卫生组织(WHO)曾呼吁将宫颈癌作为一个公共卫生问题来消除。为此,WHO制定了一项全球战略,要求全球每个国家在2030年前实现15岁女孩90%的人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗接种。

然而,尽管苏格兰等一些国家已经实现了90%的覆盖率,但在全球范围内实现这一目标可能是一个几乎不可能的挑战。目前的疫苗接种率水平明显低于根除疫苗目标HPV类型所需的80%的接种率,并且需要在未接种的个人中产生群聚效应。

HPV疫苗不仅能提供强有力的直接保护,还能提供群体效应/群体保护,也被称为群体免疫(即对未接种者的间接保护),这是由于HPV的同种传播。模拟研究表明,已经有低到中度的疫苗接种覆盖率的男孩为未接种疫苗的女孩提供了增量的群体效应。

既往研究显示,当疫苗接种覆盖率约为50%时,针对HPV18的群体效应和针对HPV31333545型的交叉保护作用是可预测的。在实施仅针对女孩的疫苗接种的人群中,只有在疫苗接种覆盖率较高时,才观察到针对HPV16(致癌性最强且最常见的HPV类型)的明显的群体效应。这可能是由于与其他HPV类型相比,HPV16的基本繁殖数(R0)较高。

为了比较在以人口为基础的社区随机试验中,在适度的疫苗接种覆盖率下,不分性别和只针对女孩的疫苗接种策略如何对HPV16型产生群体效应,来自芬兰坦佩雷大学社会科学学院的专家展开了相关研究,结果发表在PLOS Medicine杂志上。

2007-2010年,33个芬兰社区的1992-1995年出生队列随机接受了不分性别的HPV疫苗接种(Arm A)、只针对女孩的HPV疫苗接种(Arm B)或不接种HPV疫苗(Arm C)(每个试验组11个社区)。对2005-2016年期间居住在33个社区的所有8022名年龄小于23岁的未接种疫苗的妇女(ABC组分别为2657人、2691人和2674人)的HPV16/18/31/33/35/45血清流行率在接种前时代(2005-2010)和接种后时代(2011-2016)的差异进行了比较。

23岁以下未接种疫苗的女性中特定类型的HPV和HSV-2的血清流行率(%)。不分性别的疫苗接种(Arm A),只针对女孩的疫苗接种(Arm B),以及对照疫苗接种(Arm C)。

在整个研究人群中,不分性别的疫苗接种组在接种后观察到HPV16和HPV18血清流行率分别降低36%和28%(PR16 = 0.64,95% CI 0.10-0.85;PR18 = 0.72,95% CI 0.22-0.96),并且HPV16在单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)血清阳性核心组也降低36%(PR16 = 0.64,95% CI 0.50-0.81)。

A/B组与C组HPV血清流行率(PRs)的比率

同样,HPV31/33/35/45血清流行率的降低(PR31/33/35/45=0.88,95%CI 0.81-0.97)在C组中得到了验证(PR31/33/35/45=0.79,95%CI 0.69-0.90)。

由此可见,在适度的疫苗接种覆盖率下,性别中立的疫苗接种后对HPV16/18的群聚效应。在只有适度的疫苗接种覆盖率的情况下,性别中立的疫苗接种水平的可移策略甚至可以促进对HPV16的控制。

 

参考文献:

Human papillomavirus seroprevalence in pregnant women following gender-neutral and girls-only vaccination programs in Finland: A cross-sectional cohort analysis following a cluster randomized trial. ttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003588

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    2021-06-20 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了

    0

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    2021-06-19 麻无赦

    学习

    0

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    2021-06-19 M 先生

    男女都要接种,尤其是高危工作者#HPV#

    0

拓展阅读

九价HPV疫苗重要变化,这类人群可因此获益!

重磅更新:九价HPV疫苗接种迎来新的变化。近日,中国国家药品监督管理局批准九价人乳头瘤病毒疫苗(酿酒酵母)(商品名:佳达修®9)的9~14岁女性二剂次接种程序(0,6~12月)。

J AM ACAD DERMATOL:四价与二价人乳头瘤病毒疫苗治疗顽固性疣的疗效和耐受性:一项随机对照试验

二价和四价HPV疫苗似乎是治疗疣的有前景的、耐受性良好的治疗选择,四价疫苗在统计学上显著优于二价疫苗。

Vaccine:四价HPV疫苗预防肛门生殖器疣的效果:一项基于220万人登记的研究

14岁前接种qHPV疫苗可使AGW发生概率降低约5倍。随着疫苗接种年龄的增加,效果急剧下降,在20岁后接种疫苗的女性中效果不显著。

重磅!默沙东九价HPV疫苗新增9~14岁二剂次接种程序获批

此次获批意味着在此前9~45岁三剂次接种程序的基础上,将新增9~14岁二剂次接种程序,为更多适龄女性提供更为经济、便捷的健康保护,帮助她们远离HPV感染相关的宫颈癌和宫颈病变。

Hum Vaccin Immunother:不同覆盖场景下女性接种2、4、9价HPV疫苗对男性和女性宫颈和非宫颈疾病的公共卫生影响的模拟研究

在中国,9价疫苗对所有HPV相关疾病的预防效果预计将比4价和2价疫苗更显著。与其他疫苗相比,9价疫苗还将在更短的时间内降低HPV相关疾病的发病率。

J Clin Med:人乳头瘤病毒疫苗对顽固性尖锐湿疣和口腔疣的疗效

除标准治疗外,人乳头瘤病毒疫苗可能对顽固性尖锐湿疣和口腔疣具有治疗作用。