CMIED:甲状腺功能亢进症与肝功能障碍:一例常见共病的回顾

2022-03-05 从医路漫漫 网络

甲亢影响身体的多个系统,如神经、心血管和胃肠系统,肝脏是后者的重要器官。甲亢不成比例地影响女性而不是男性(5:1),在吸烟者中似乎很常见。

   甲亢影响身体的多个系统,如神经、心血管和胃肠系统,肝脏是后者的重要器官。甲亢不成比例地影响女性而不是男性(5:1),在吸烟者中似乎很常见。甲亢的总体发病率估计约为0.05%至1.3%,其中主要是亚临床甲亢,这一数字在老年女性中上升至4%至5%之间。

    除其他异常外,15%~79%的甲亢患者存在4种肝生化异常,部分患者出现严重的肝功能衰竭和综合功能受损。在Scappaticcio等人最近发表的一项系统综述和荟萃分析中,在55%~60%的甲亢患者中,至少有一项肝功能检测异常。甲亢患者肝功能丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、总胆红素、γ-谷氨酰转移酶异常率分别为33%、23%、44%、12%、24%。

    肝脏和甲状腺激素在多个水平上相互作用,以维持体内平衡。两种生物活性甲状腺激素:甲状腺素(T4)和3,5,3三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)在前者仅在甲状腺中合成,后者在甲状腺和其他组织中合成。大约80%的T3是由甲状腺外组织(通常是肝和肾)中的T4 51脱碘形成的,并以每天约75%的速度迅速降解。T4的生成率为每天80到100微克,所有这些都是由甲状腺外组织(通常是肝和肾)中的T4以每天约75%的速度迅速降解的。T4的生成率为每天80到100微克,所有这些都是由T4在甲状腺外组织(通常是肝和肾)中51-脱碘形成的。T4的生成率为每天80-100微克。大约80%被脱碘:40%形成T3,40%形成反向T3(RT3)。剩下的20%与葡聚糖和硫酸盐结合,脱氨和脱羧,在肝脏中形成四碘甲状腺乙酸(TRANC)。

    血清中99%以上的T4和T3与血清蛋白、甲状腺素结合球蛋白(TBG)、转甲状腺素、白蛋白和脂蛋白结合,这些蛋白主要在肝脏产生。这些帮助维持血清游离甲状腺激素在狭窄的范围内,同时确保立即和持续的对组织的利用。决定激素生物活性的是无血清T4和T3浓度。

    肝脏需要足够量的甲状腺激素才能以最佳方式执行其新陈代谢功能。甲状腺激素通过调节阴离子结合蛋白Ligandin的水平,影响有助于维持胆红素新陈代谢的葡萄糖醛酸转移酶的活性。在既往有肝病的患者中,肝功能障碍可能是基础肝病本身的结果,也可能是甲状腺机能亢进症和肝病的共同作用的结果。

甲状腺功能亢进症的肝功能障碍机制

原文出处:Yorke E,Hyperthyroidism and Liver Dysfunction: A Review of a Common Comorbidity.Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2022;15

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    2022-03-05 xulv123

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放射性碘(RAI)治疗甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)是否会增加癌症风险在医学和公共卫生领域仍是一个有争议的问题。

甲状腺功能亢进症基层诊疗指南(实践版·2019)

甲状腺功能亢进症(hyperthyroidism)简称甲亢,以毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿(Graves病)最为常见,约占甲亢所有类型的80%,为本指南主要讨论内容。甲亢病因复杂,临床表现各异。Graves病的典型征象是甲状腺弥漫性肿大、浸润性突眼、胫前黏液性水肿。甲状腺功能测定是诊断甲亢的一线指标,甲状腺自身抗体、甲状腺131I摄取率和核素扫描、超声检查等是鉴别甲亢病因的重要指标。常用治疗方案包括药物治疗