Oncogene:新小鼠模型助力癌症个性化治疗

2015-05-05 佚名 生物谷

最近,美国科罗拉多大学研究人员开发出一种新的小鼠模型,使我们能够更紧密地再现人类肿瘤的复杂微环境,从而更进一步地接近于个性化癌症治疗。肿瘤生长,取决于它与周围基质中的纤维母细胞、淋巴血管及其紧邻浸润免疫细胞的复杂相互作用。研究人员使用各种模型来研究这种肿瘤生长,从培养皿中的细胞到生长在免疫抑制小鼠中的人类肿瘤。但是培养的细胞会变得均匀,并缺乏细胞之间的相互作用,而生长在小鼠中的人类肿瘤,小鼠细胞会

最近,美国科罗拉多大学研究人员开发出一种新的小鼠模型,使我们能够更紧密地再现人类肿瘤的复杂微环境,从而更进一步地接近于个性化癌症治疗。

肿瘤生长,取决于它与周围基质中的纤维母细胞、淋巴血管及其紧邻浸润免疫细胞的复杂相互作用。研究人员使用各种模型来研究这种肿瘤生长,从培养皿中的细胞到生长在免疫抑制小鼠中的人类肿瘤。但是培养的细胞会变得均匀,并缺乏细胞之间的相互作用,而生长在小鼠中的人类肿瘤,小鼠细胞会构成基质,从而留下了关于“观察到的相互作用”的问题。现在,美国科罗拉多大学医学院的研究人员,制备了一个新的肿瘤生长小鼠模型,可能有助于解决这些问题。

相关研究结果发表在最近的《Oncogene》杂志,本文资深作者Antonio Jimeno说:“我们知道,即使是对传统化疗药物的反应,也取决于宿主因素,而不仅仅是癌细胞内发生了什么。我们的模型可让患者来源的肿瘤生长在一个更像人体的环境中。这为我们提供了一个有价值的平台,来了解免疫疗法的效果,找到更好的方法在正确的时间为病人施用正确的药物。”

为了制备这个小鼠模型,Jimeno的研究团队首先扩增来自人类血样的造血干细胞(HSPCs)和祖细胞,具体方法是在HSPCs中表达两个融合蛋白,这两个蛋白在进入细胞48小时内降解之前可促进细胞的扩张,而不留下蛋白活性的痕迹。这些细胞在体外可稳定增殖,而不失去自我更新和分化为T细胞和B细胞的能力。

然后,研究人员辐照小鼠,以消除它们的原生造血细胞,并用培养的人造血干细胞替代它们。本文共同作者Yosef Refaeli在一篇新闻稿中说:“我们基本上没有对这些小鼠进行骨髓移植。几个月后,老鼠变成具有人类血细胞的嵌合体,因此具有人类的免疫系统。”产生的xenochimeric小鼠(或XactMice),可稳定表达人体免疫细胞至少一年的时间。

通过在XactMice中培养来自不同患者的两种肿瘤,并与肿瘤研究常用的其他两种小鼠模型进行比较,研究人员发现,这两个小鼠品系之间的肿瘤生长率或组织学无明显差异。该研究小组还用癌症患者的HSPCs,成功地制备了XactMice,旨在制备一种小鼠模型,它具有来自同一患者的肿瘤和免疫细胞。

该小组通过细胞分选和原位杂交技术,证实了移植免疫细胞到肿瘤的浸润,包括制备一种具有雌性HSPCs和雄性肿瘤的小鼠模型,以研究人类细胞在肿瘤和基质中的起源和分布。这些实验表明,一个小鼠宿主不仅具有患者免疫细胞和肿瘤细胞,同时如预期的那样,这些细胞也是相互作用的。
 
最后,作者通过对来自肿瘤的RNA进行测序,比较了生长在XactMice与生长在其他模型的肿瘤中的基因表达。生长在XactMice的肿瘤,可更加紧密地反映患者原始样本中的基因表达。

作者写道:“我们能够定制响应突变遗传通路(驱动个体肿瘤的生长)的治疗方法,这显著有益于癌症的研究。现在,宿主对于确定疾病发生和预后的关联性也越来越明显,这肯定有利于未来治疗方法的开发。XactMice模型可忠实地再现目前动物模型所缺乏的原生肿瘤环境。我们预测,在迅速发展的免疫导向药物开发领域中,该模型将是一种有用的工具。”

原始出处:

J J Morton, G Bird, S B Keysar, D P Astling, T R Lyons, R T Anderson, M J Glogowska, P Estes, J R Eagles, P N Le, G Gan, B McGettigan, P Fernandez, N Padilla-Just, M Varella-Garcia, J I Song, D W Bowles, P Schedin, A-C Tan, D R Roop, X-J Wang, Y Refaeli and A Jimeno.XactMice: humanizing mouse bone marrow enables microenvironment reconstitution in a patient-derived xenograft model of head and neck cancer.Oncogene, April 20, 2015.doi:10.1038/onc.2015.94

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    2015-09-26 cy0324
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    2015-05-07 zsyan
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    2015-05-05 Jingz523

    为什么不会产生异源性免疫排斥呢

    0

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    2015-05-05 huaxipanxing

    看看

    0

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