ASBMR年会:老年人降压治疗时骨折风险高

2012-10-30 佚名 网络

  美国骨矿研究学会(ASBMR)年会上报告的一项自身对照病例分析结果表明,老年患者开始服用降压药物后,短期内髋部骨折风险骤升。   多伦多大学的Debra Butt博士报告称,总体上,社区老年患者开始服用降压药物45天内,髋部骨折风险增加43%[发病率比(IRR),1.41;95%置信区间(CI),1.19~1.72]。在常用的5类抗高血压药物中,只有血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂

  美国骨矿研究学会(ASBMR)年会上报告的一项自身对照病例分析结果表明,老年患者开始服用降压药物后,短期内髋部骨折风险骤升。

  多伦多大学的Debra Butt博士报告称,总体上,社区老年患者开始服用降压药物45天内,髋部骨折风险增加43%[发病率比(IRR),1.41;95%置信区间(CI),1.19~1.72]。在常用的5类抗高血压药物中,只有血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂和β受体阻滞剂这2类药物可导致骨折风险显著增加。开始服用ACE抑制剂的患者早期骨折风险增加53%(IRR,1.53;95%CI,1.12~2.10),而β受体阻滞剂使风险增加58%(IRR,1.58;95%CI,1.01~2.48)。  

   

  Debra Butt博士

  这是首次报告上述相关性的基于人群的大规模研究。有关降压药物与骨折风险的相关性证据并不一致,大多数研究是对长期暴露进行评估,其机制被认为可能与骨量有关。另外,有研究显示老年患者开始服用降压药物后跌倒风险快速增加,认为可能与直立性低血压有关。最近一项分析报告还显示,校正混杂因素后,老年患者开始服用噻嗪类利尿药后最初3周内跌倒风险增加最为明显(IRR, 2.80) (Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 2011;20:879-84)。

  Butt博士利用安大略省6个卫生保健管理数据库资料,确认了301,591例新近接受治疗的≥66岁高血压患者,并分析他们在2000年4月1日~2009年3月31日期间发生髋部骨折的情况。风险期设定为初始接受抗高血压单药治疗的最初45天,治疗前以及治疗后450天观察期为对照期。分析排除了长期接受治疗的高血压患者以及可能已经使用了降压药物的糖尿病、心梗、心衰、心绞痛、心肌症和短暂性缺血发作等其他非高血压疾病患者。

  基线时,仅有3%的患者在过去2年内曾发生需要住院治疗的跌倒事件,6%的患者有髋部骨折史,大部分(81%)患者为女性,中位年龄80.8岁。降压药物包括噻嗪类利尿药(23%)、ACE抑制剂(30%)、血管紧张素受体阻断剂(4%)、钙离子通道阻滞剂(17%)和β受体阻滞剂(26%)。观察期间确认了1,463例髋部骨折事件。

  排除服用其他可能导致跌倒的药物以及能够导致跌倒的精神药物后,敏感性分析确认降压药物初始治疗与早期髋部骨折具有初步相关性,发病率比几乎相同,为1.42。研究者认为,基于上述结果,老年患者应慎重接受降压药物治疗。

  但有与会者质疑,如何能在不了解绝对跌倒风险和髋部骨折风险的情况下,向患者解释用药风险和益处。还有人认为,该项研究提示存在相关风险,但在缺乏有关何时跌倒、发生骨折时患者站立还是坐着,以及血压下降程度等更多信息的情况下,很难转化为可行的临床指南。Butt博士解释称,为了制定临床指南,必须从证实相关性存在入手,目前这一领域的研究几乎还是空白,而这项研究仅是初步探索。

  该项研究由安大略省政府资助,Butt博士报告无相关利益冲突。

  



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    2012-11-01 clmlylxy

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