Pediatrics:儿童和青少年自然感染新型冠状病毒抗体的持久性

2022-04-06 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

美国儿童中的新冠肺炎病例在2021年12月和2022年1月呈指数增长,远远超过了以前的感染高峰。

背景:截至2022年1月27日,美国有超过1140万儿童的COVID-19检测呈阳性。美国儿童中的新冠肺炎病例在2021年12月和2022年1月呈指数增长,远远超过了以前的感染高峰。这些最新数据表明,omicron (B.1.1.529)变异体比delta (B.1.617.2)和alpha (B.1.1.7)变异体更容易传播。这些变异体关于儿童中新型冠状病毒特异性天然免疫应答持久性的信息对于基于社区的传播缓解和儿科疫苗接种策略非常重要,包括当前和潜在的未来变异。然而,由于高比例的无症状感染和优先检测成年人和疫情早期重症患者,儿科人群中对新型冠状病毒感染的天然(非疫苗诱导的)抗体反应的真实发生率和纵向存在尚不清楚。这是该领域的重要信息,因为不是所有的父母都能够或愿意选择给他们的孩子接种疫苗。

目的:德克萨斯州冠状病毒抗体反应调查(Texas CARES)是一项正在进行的基于人群的前瞻性血清流行病学项目,旨在评估全州志愿者人群的抗体状况。

方法:在3个测试时间点(大约相隔3个月)内新型冠状病毒核衣壳蛋白抗体的存在与预测因子之间的关联,使用预测因子和时间的广义加模型(GAMM)进行测试,具有参与者特异性随机效应以适应相关性。使用R统计软件中的mgcv包对GAM进行拟合,该软件报告了Wald型p值对相关性的显著性。

结果:从我们的样本(n = 218平均年龄12.8岁,标准差3.6),在基线评估时有核衣壳抗体证据的那些人中的96%(样本的34.4%)在六个月后仍有抗体(平均7.2个月,标准差1.55)。两名儿童在第一次和第二次抗体检测之间从阳性转为阴性,没有儿童在第二次和第三次抗体检测之间从阳性转为阴性。16名儿童在第一次和第二次抗体检测之间血清反应从阴性转为阳性,9名儿童在第二次和第三次检测之间血清反应从阴性转为阳性。在三个抗体测量时间点上,症状状态(渐进对症状)或严重性(中度对重度)、性别、年龄组或体重指数组(体重不足、健康体重、超重、肥胖)的抗体存在没有差异。检测IgM、IgG或IgA抗体存在的N-检验值从基线到时间点2增加,从时间点2到第三次免疫测定评估略有下降。随后的下降趋势在时间点1和3 (P=0.002)和时间点2和3 (P<0.001)之间显著。

由于潜在选择偏差的风险,进行了敏感性分析,以测试完成所有抗体评估的参与者与未完成的参与者之间的任何差异。结果显示,除了种族之外,所有人口统计学变量没有差异。西班牙裔参与者比非西班牙裔白人(分别为68.1%、76.5%)更有可能完成所有3项评估(分别为31.9%、23.5%)(p = 0.005)。

图1.每个时间点的N检验值的框图。

表1.按症状、严重程度和描述特征分列的3个时间点(每个时间点相隔约3个月)的SARS-CoV-2抗体状况。

表2 比较具有所有可用数据点和不具有所有可用数据点的敏感度分析。

结论:此处报告的数据显示,无论年龄、性别、新冠肺炎症状状态和严重程度以及体重指数如何,大部分超过6个月且有三次连续抗体检测结果的随访均提示儿童在整个时间段内保留了新型冠状病毒抗体。这些结果表明,感染诱导的抗体持续存在,因此可以在至少半年内对未来的新冠感染提供一些保护。因此,疫苗在为5岁及以上儿童以及符合条件的5岁以下儿童提供新冠肺炎保护方面发挥着重要作用。

原文出处:Messiah SE,  DeSantis S,  Leon-Novelo L, et al.Durability of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies From Natural Infection in Children and Adolescents.Pediatrics 2022 Mar 18

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    2022-11-29 hbwxf
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    2022-08-15 feather89
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