J immunol:肠道上皮细胞损伤引发肠炎的分子机制

2017-02-28 生物谷 生物谷

肠道上皮细胞是保护人体的一道重要的屏障。上皮细胞的损伤及后续引发的屏障功能的损坏都会最终导致炎症反应的发生,包括IBD等等。因此,上皮细胞的自我损伤修复对于重建肠道屏障以及组织的稳态调节具有重要的意义。粘膜伤口的愈合依赖于上皮细胞的增殖以及迁移。与免疫细胞以及成纤维细胞不同,上皮细胞的迁移是聚


(图片摘自www.sciencealert.com)

肠道上皮细胞是保护人体的一道重要的屏障。上皮细胞的损伤及后续引发的屏障功能的损坏都会最终导致炎症反应的发生,包括IBD等等。因此,上皮细胞的自我损伤修复对于重建肠道屏障以及组织的稳态调节具有重要的意义。粘膜伤口的愈合依赖于上皮细胞的增殖以及迁移。与免疫细胞以及成纤维细胞不同,上皮细胞的迁移是聚集成片层结构进行的。而有方向性的迁移依赖于细胞的极性分布以及细胞骨架的重构。

IBD的另外一个特征就是大量中性粒细胞向肠腔中的浸润。中性粒细胞对于宿主的免疫反应具有重要的作用,其聚集行为的失控将会导致炎症反应以及组织损伤。而中性粒细胞的数量与IBD的严重程度也存在正相关性。

中性粒细胞导致的组织损伤与大量细胞因子有关,其中基质金属蛋白酶是最重要的成分之一,而髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的相关研究则不太清楚。MPO是一类含有亚铁血红素的的酶类物质,其广泛存在于中性粒细胞以及组织巨噬细胞中。在有过氧化氢以及小分子中间物存在的情况下,MPO会催化形成活性氧(ROS)。尽管MPO对于杀伤被吞噬的细菌具有正面的意义,但如果释放入组织中则会引起组织的损伤。事实上,MPO与多种疾病,例如动脉粥样硬化、关节炎、阿兹海默症以及IBD等又具有一定联系。

有意思的是,最近一些蛋白质组学的研究显示MPO能够与中性粒细胞分泌的微颗粒相互作用。这种微颗粒大小在100到1000个纳米左右,它能够调节免疫细胞的活性。

最近,来自美国西北大学的Ronen Sumagin课题组针对MPO在介导上皮细胞伤口愈合过程的作用进行了深入研究,相关结果发表在《Journal of Immunology》杂志上。

首先,作者分离了人源的中性粒细胞,并将其与人为划伤的上皮细胞系进行共同孵育。结果显示,中性粒细胞能够加速上皮细胞的愈合过程,而在加入MPO抑制剂的情况下这一过程受到了极大的延缓。这一试验结果表明中性粒细胞介导的上皮细胞伤口愈合依赖于MPO的活性。

之后,作者通过体外实验发现活化的中性粒细胞既能够单独地分泌MPO,也能够分泌与MP结合的MPO等物质。

进一步,作者发现中性粒细胞分泌MPO依赖于其胞内的细胞骨架的构象的改变,这说明中性粒细胞的极性化多于MPO的分泌具有重要的作用。而这一过程依赖于中性粒细胞与上皮细胞的结合。与单独的MPO不同,与MP结合的MPO则能够抑制上皮细胞的迁移以及伤口的愈合过程,而这一影响也受到后者胞内细胞骨架的变化的影响。

最后,作者通过体内试验证明了MP-MPO对小鼠肠上皮细胞伤口愈合的负面作用。


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    2017-04-16 jyzxjiangqin

    肠道上皮细胞损伤引发肠炎的分子机制。

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    2017-04-09 jyzxjiangqin

    肠道上皮细胞损伤引发肠炎的分子机制。

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    2017-03-27 jyzxjiangqin

    肠道上皮细胞损伤引发肠炎。

    0

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    2017-03-19 laoli

    学习了!谢谢分享!

    0

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    2017-03-17 jyzxjiangqin

    肠炎的发病机理。

    0

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    2017-03-14 jyzxjiangqin

    肠炎的发病机制。

    0

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