3.21 |世界唐氏综合征日:只因为一条染色体的差异

2020-03-23 生物探索 生物探索

因为一条染色体的差异,为他们带来了不仅是特殊的面容,还有智能上的障碍和体格发育的落后。

因为一条染色体的差异,为他们带来了不仅是特殊的面容,还有智能上的障碍和体格发育的落后。

他们有一个共同的名字——“唐氏综合征患者”,也称为“唐宝宝”。

2020年3月21日,一个特殊的日子。因为它是第九个世界唐氏综合征日。

今年世界唐氏综合征日聚焦的主题是“我们决定”,所有唐氏综合征患者都应充分参与到与其生活相关或影响其生活的决策中。

唐氏综合征,又称“21—三体综合征”,是最常见的严重出生缺陷病之一。正常人拥有23对染色体(46条),而唐氏综合征患者却额外多了一条21号染色体,引发这一变化的原因尚不明确。

根据世界各地统计,唐氏综合征的发生率约为1/700~1/1000。平均每六百个婴孩中,会有一个是唐氏综合征患儿出生。

这类 “唐宝宝”,主要症状包括智力障碍、面部扁平、耳位低、眼距宽、、通贯掌、颈部皮肤厚、肢体畸形等。在发育成长的过程中,他们可能还患有其他并发症,包括听力缺陷、先天性心脏病、白血病等。

图片来源:World Down Syndrome Day

我国目前现有超百万的“唐宝宝”,尚无有效的治疗方法。通过有效产前筛查与产前诊断及时干预,是目前防治唐氏综合征最有效的措施。值得注意的是,唐氏综合征风险并不仅仅针对已有这类家族史或者高龄的产妇。

目前,唐氏综合征的产前筛查手段包括唐氏筛查和无创DNA产前筛查技术。

“唐筛”是在孕早期(9-13周)进行母亲外周血的检测和超声测量胎儿颈后透明层的厚度。在孕中期(14-22周)通过抽取孕产妇外周血检测甲胎蛋白绒毛膜促性腺激素,来评估唐氏综合征的风险,唐氏的检出率在70%左右,有5%-15%的假阳性率。

无创DNA产前筛查技术,则是通过采集12-22周的孕产妇静脉血,提取胎儿游离DNA,采用高通量测序技术,结合生物信息分析,得出胎儿患染色体异常的风险。

需要强调的是, “唐筛”和“无创”,都属于筛查手段,检查结果都是概率,只能是高风险或者低风险,而不是确诊。因此,产前筛查检测的高风险孕产妇,仍需接受羊水、脐血或绒毛等穿刺手术,通过细胞培养染色体核型分析来确诊。

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    2021-12-01 1de8beb6m71(暂无匿称)

    学习了

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