International Journal of Cancer:表观遗传新应用!宫颈癌检测率 100%!

2018-12-19 佚名 转化医学网

导 读 宫颈癌是一种最常见的女性生殖道恶性肿瘤,发病率在女性恶性肿瘤中居第二位,多发于发展中国家,每年有超过 26 万的妇女死于宫颈癌。在推崇精准医疗的当下,宫颈癌的提早检测提早预防是许多研究者的课题,伦敦 Queen Mary 大学的研究者们,在分析了 15744 份女性的临床筛查数据后发现,可以使用一种新的成本较低的基于表观遗传学的检测方法,较为有效的在早期检测宫颈癌。


导  读

宫颈癌是一种最常见的女性生殖道恶性肿瘤,发病率在女性恶性肿瘤中居第二位,多发于发展中国家,每年有超过 26 万的妇女死于宫颈癌。在推崇精准医疗的当下,宫颈癌的提早检测提早预防是许多研究者的课题,伦敦 Queen Mary 大学的研究者们,在分析了 15744 份女性的临床筛查数据后发现,可以使用一种新的成本较低的基于表观遗传学的检测方法,较为有效的在早期检测宫颈癌。

该研究结果发表于 International Journal of Cancer,研究人员没有通过直接检查 DNA 遗传面上是否有 HPV 病毒的常规方法,而将目光投向了 DNA 上会自然出现的化学标记,构建其“表观遗传图谱”,从而可以提前五年对宫颈癌的发展进行预测。

巨大的进步

本次研究的首席研究员,来自伦敦 Queen Mary 大学的 Attila Lorincz 教授说道:“这是一次巨大的进步,除了这项测试检测宫颈癌的能力之外,这还是首次有人利用临床病人的数据证明了表观遗传学在实体瘤癌症的发展中发挥了关键作用,与许多研究人员和医生所说的相反,越来越多的数据表明,驱动包括宫颈癌、口腔癌、直肠癌、前列腺癌等癌症在内的实际上是表观遗传而不是 DNA 的突变。”

现有主流的宫颈癌检测方法是进行宫颈细胞涂片的检查,但不幸的是,这只能检查出大约 50%的前期宫颈癌。更进一步更精准的检测方法则会检测 HPV 病毒 DNA,HPV 病毒也是目前导致宫颈癌的最主要却不直接的原因,精准度会高一些。

然而,这种检查只能检查出病人是否感染了 HPV 病毒而已,对于接下来会不会患上具体的癌症,风险又是多少,仅能提供一个参考。事实上,很多人都会携带有 HPV 病毒,但是却并不会发病,检查结果可能只会对她们造成一些困扰。

预测患癌风险

而如今,由 Queen Mary 大学的研究者们发明的这种新方法拥有更高的准确率,在 15744 名女性的测试中,这种方法成功检测出 8 种侵袭性宫颈癌的几率高达 100%!同时,宫颈细胞涂片仅为四分之一,HPV 检测则再高一些,有 50%。

研究者还进一步对 257 名 HPV 检测呈阳性的女性进行了进一步检测,将她们分成了三组进行对比检测,结果发现可以检测出其中 93% 的癌前病变,而细胞涂片与 HPV 联合检测出的结果为 86%——显然,在癌前检测中,这种表观遗传学方法也具有更高的检出率。

Lorincz 教授对此补充道:“这真的是一个在诊治 HPV 感染人群时的一个巨大进步,它将会彻底改变筛查的手段,我们惊讶于此方法提早发现和预测早期宫颈癌的几率可以高达 100%,虽然在英国全面建立起测试并推广可能还需要五年时间。”

研究者同时还表示,如果可以全面推行开这项技术,那么价格将会比做宫颈细胞涂片还要便宜,患者也将可以减少很多额外的检查。

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    2019-06-17 般若傻瓜
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    2019-07-07 liye789132251
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    2018-12-21 一闲
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    2018-12-20 wz12888

    学习

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    2018-12-19 wz12888

    已学习

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