Sleep Med:普拉克索对中国中重度不宁腿综合征(RLS)有显著疗效

2012-09-11 陈蓉 中华神经科杂志

       不宁腿综合征(Restless legs Syndrome,RLS)是一种与睡眠密切相关的神经系统疾病,虽然发病机制目前尚未明了,但多项大型多中心临床试验都提示多巴胺受体激动剂能有效改善症状。然而,多巴胺受体激动剂在中国RLS患者的大规模临床试验尚未有报道。       上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院神经内

       不宁腿综合征(Restless legs Syndrome,RLS)是一种与睡眠密切相关的神经系统疾病,虽然发病机制目前尚未明了,但多项大型多中心临床试验都提示多巴胺受体激动剂能有效改善症状。然而,多巴胺受体激动剂在中国RLS患者的大规模临床试验尚未有报道。


      上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院神经内科开展了一项多中心、随机、双盲临床试验,研究发表在睡眠医学杂志上[Sleep Med. 2012 Jan;13(1):58-63.],旨在观察普拉克索对RLS的疗效和安全性。该研究共来自复旦大学附属华山医院神经内科等16个中心的305例患者,以2:1的比例随机分配人普拉克索组(n=202)和安慰组(n=103)。入组标准为中重度RLS患者,即国际RLS严重程度量表评分(IRLS)>15分,并排除各种继发性RLS患者,即贫血、铁蛋白<11.0ng/ml、肝肾功能障碍等继发性因素,最终共287例患者的数据进入统计。经过4周清洗期后,所有入组患者进入4周的药物滴定期,然后为2周的剂量稳定期至整个试验结束。基线资料显示二组在年龄和身高之间无明显差异,仅普拉克索组的体重略高于安慰剂组。

       结果显示IRLS评分(6周后:-15.87±0.66和-11.35±0.92,P<0.01),临床改善量表的“非常显著改善”和“显著改善”的比率(6周后:81.9%和54.3%,P<0.01),IRLS应答率(73.8%和48.9%,P<0.01),RLS-6量表的第3、4项(6周后:-4.68%±0.21和-3.32±0.29,P<0.01;-2.90±0.17和-2.36±0.23,P=0.0402),视觉评定量表(6周后:-0.40±3.2和-2.85±2.9,P<0.01)普拉克索组明显优于安慰剂组。另外,普拉克索对治疗RLS继发的睡眠障碍也有明显的改善作用,表现为IRLS-6量表第1、2项评分6周后分别为-4.52±0.21和-3.04±0.30,P<0.01;-4.90±0.21和-3.53±0.28,P<0.01。但对白天嗜睡症状无明显改善作用,表现为Epworth嗜睡量表评分分别为-2.78±0.29和-3.22±0.40,P=0.3294。

       在安全性观察指标上,共有56.4%(177/305)患者出现副作用,普拉克索组高于安慰剂组:普拉克索组中为62.9%(127/202),安慰剂组为43.7%(45/103)。主要的不良反应为头晕、头痛、恶心和胃部不适,其有效剂量为0.75mg/d。3例患者患有严重不良事件,分别为肺炎、脑外伤(车祸)和短暂性脑缺血发作,均与试验药物无关。

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