Nature Genet:吸烟与Y染色体消失,《自然》子刊解密因果效应

2017-04-05 佚名 生物探索

吸烟已被认为是导致循环细胞染色体丢失的原因,但之前尚未弄清楚这其中的因果关系。近日,科学家在《Nature Genetics》杂志上揭示了吸烟与Y染色体缺失的因果效应,研究发现Y染色体消失受19个基因区域所调控,他们还强调了Y染色体缺失与癌症易感性之间共享这种遗传结构。

染色体缺失,其实在人体内并不罕见,尤其是男性Y染色体的缺失。以往的研究发现,Y染色体的缺失随着年龄的增长而增加,80岁之后,五分之一的男性白细胞中会出现Y染色体缺失。那么这种缺失到底与什么有关?近日,《Nature Genetics》杂志上的一项研究解开了这个疑问,科学家们发现了影响染色体随年龄增加而消失的关键因素。 该研究由剑桥大学医学研究委员会流行病学组以及冰岛基因解码公司的科研人员引领。

染色体消失受19个基因区域所调控



该研究集中在缺少Y染色体的细胞上。Y染色体缺失是循环白细胞最常见的遗传缺陷。Y染色体也是人类染色体中数目最少的类型,其基因具有相对限制的活性形式,因此大多数组织中对Y染色体丢失的耐受性比其他染色体要强些。

研究人员在超过85000名男性中检测了Y染色体缺失,发现这种缺陷受19个基因区域调控,这些区域包含了在癌症以及细胞分裂中具有重要作用的基因。此外,研究人员还鉴定出了一些未被证实与细胞分裂错误有关的基因,这些基因需要进一步的调查。

此外,研究人员还对96000名女性的基因数据进行研究。虽然女性X染色的缺失没有男性Y染色体缺失得频繁,但研究人员推断女性X染色体的缺失受上述相同的19个基因区域调控。这表明,该研究所确定的遗传效应并不是针对特定的男性或Y染色体缺失,而是更倾向于在正常细胞分裂过程中维持染色体。

证实吸烟与Y染色体缺失的因果效应

众所周知,人体细胞含有23对染色体,其中一对为性染色体(男性为XY,女性为XX)。细胞在体内不断地进行分裂以创造出新的细胞,这是一个重要的生物过程,但该过程也很容易出现错误,有可能导致细胞群体中染色体数量过少或过多,这种遗传特征也被称为非整倍体。了解调节细胞生长的生物学过程,对癌症等疾病有重要的意义,尤其是对那些由细胞生长异常以及DNA复制或修复发生错误所导致的疾病。

这项研究识别的基因与细胞增殖以及细胞周期调控相关,包括DNA合成、DNA损伤反应、有丝分裂(PMF1、CENPN和MAD1L1)和细胞凋亡(TP53)。除了推断吸烟与Y染色体缺失的因果效应,研究人员还强调了Y染色体缺失与癌症易感性之间共享这种遗传结构。

吸烟已被认为是导致循环细胞染色体丢失的原因,但之前尚未弄清楚这其中的因果关系。利用相同的基因数据,研究人员找到证据证明了吸烟与Y染色体丢失的因果效应。本文资深作者,剑桥大学医学研究委员会流行病学组的John Perry博士表示,这项研究为了解吸烟对基本生物过程(如细胞分裂)的影响提供了新见解。

本文作者,剑桥大学医学研究委员会流行病学组的博士研究生Dan Wright表示,通过利用细胞在无Y染色体时仍能存活的事实,我们识别出了与细胞分裂相关的基因,这将为今后癌症等疾病的研究提供了潜在的生物学新途径。

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    2017-05-27 liye789132251
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    2017-10-19 canlab
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    2018-03-01 cy0324
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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881851, encodeId=c9b5188185178, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat May 27 15:30:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1733843, encodeId=98ba1e338438d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Thu Oct 19 21:30:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1686077, encodeId=927716860e78c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=66f3e93862' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Genet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7938, encryptionId=66f3e93862, topicName=Genet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3e128296421, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Sat Jun 03 22:30:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2048806, encodeId=1dc1204880696, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4363e929ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Gene#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7929, encryptionId=4363e929ad, topicName=Gene)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Thu Mar 01 18:30:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1331638, encodeId=6e2d133163863, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d85a6181e4d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#染色体#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61817, encryptionId=d85a6181e4d, topicName=染色体)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKnILSXam1GxPwj04ylEzibYLFA2eGl5Ev02klt80JA0xejMPqrn0mYHNNnLEgyqYTPbicXpY3tn6SA/132, createdBy=38fd2500059, createdName=新生儿张玉军, createdTime=Thu Apr 06 23:30:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1538849, encodeId=0290153884980, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9f5a189918d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Y染色体#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18991, encryptionId=9f5a189918d, topicName=Y染色体)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1fc213064778, createdName=周虎, createdTime=Thu Apr 06 23:30:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-06 周虎

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