JAMA:叶酸补充剂可减低高血压患者脑卒中的危险性(CSPPT试验)

2015-03-23 Jessie 译 MedSci原创

MEDPAGETODAY

一项来自中国的研究(CSPPT试验)发现,叶酸补充剂可显著降低高血压患者首次脑卒中的危险性,尤其是血叶酸含量低的高血压患者获益更大。

超过20,000名高血压患者参与了这项随机对照试验,接受叶酸和依那普利(Vasotec)治疗的患者中有2.7%发生了首次脑卒中,仅接受依那普利(Vasotec)的患者中发生首次卒中的占3.4%(HR=0.79,95%CI:0.68~0.93;P=0.003).该研究结果发表于3月15日的Journal of the American Medical Association(JAMA)。

 “在没有强制补充叶酸规定的国家,包括亚洲和一些其他国家,叶酸摄入不足的问题普遍存在”来自北京大学第一医院的作者在文中写道,“基础叶酸水平较低的成年高血压患者补充叶酸可获益”。
 
研究对象来自中国脑卒中初级预防研究(China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial,CSPPT),对照组治疗药物是10mg依那普利,干预组使用0.8m叶酸+10mg依那普利,试验从2008年至2013年,研究中患者接受治疗的中位时间为4.5年。患者平均年龄为60岁,均未发生过中风或心肌梗塞。

在该研究中按照亚甲基四氢叶酸脱氢酶(MTHFR)C677T基因型将患者分组,因为之前有研究发现C677T基因可能影响叶酸状态。

Albert Einstein医学院的Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller教授(未参与该研究)认为,“该研究亮点之一就是按照基因型分组进行分层分析。这是很重要的一个进步,因为我们常听到个体化治疗,而这一分析方法就是推进个体化治疗研究的一个尝试”。

MTHFR基因多态中,CC基因型(正常纯合子,n=5,562)占27.3%,CT型(突变杂合子,n=10,176)占49.2%,TT型(突变纯合子,n=4,874)23.5%。对于CC基因型且叶酸水平低于中位数的患者,加叶酸的治疗方案可降低其发生脑卒中的危险性(HR=0.45,95%CI:0.29-0.72;P=0.001)。

“同样可降低CT基因型患者的脑卒中危险性,其中叶酸水平处于下1/4的患者获益最最多(RR =1.4%,HR=0.6,95%CI:0.44-1.07;P=0.10)。而对于TT型患者,获益最大的是叶酸水平处于上1/4的患者(减少2.8%,HR=0.24,95%CI:0.10-0.58;P=0.001)”

TT基因型的患者发生脑卒中的危险性最高,“这一发现强调了营养学试验中的一个基本原则:必须考虑营养素的基线水平,且低营养素水平的人群通常最能检验研究假说。这与大多数的药物试验不同。”哈佛TH Chan公共卫生学院的Meir Stampfer和 Walter Willett在随刊社论中评价道。

他们还提出,该研究对全世界的脑卒中预防都具有启示作用。“全世界有大量人口(数十亿)的叶酸水平较低,包括生活在中国北方、孟加拉及斯堪的纳维亚的人”他们提到,“TT基因型的个体可能获益最大,尽管为了这一目的去检测基因型不太可能会划得来”。
 
同时还发现干预组的首次缺血性脑卒中(干预组2.2% versus 对照组2.8%;HR= 0.76,95% CI:0.64-0.91)、心血管死亡事件、心肌梗塞及脑卒中(3.1% versus 3.9%;HR=0.80,95% CI:0.69-0.92)的危险性降低。




Figure 2.Kaplan-Meier Curves of Cumulative Hazards 
of First Stroke by Treatment Group

干预组和对照组间出血性脑卒中和全因死亡率没有显著差异,绝大部分患者摄入了70%的药物,两组的治疗中断率在14%左右。

干预组的叶酸水平升高(中位数:干预组11.2 ng/mL versus 对照组4.4 ng/mL)。各基因型的患者间叶酸水平没有差异。干预组和对照组基线的血压水平具有可比性(干预组129.8/83.1 mm Hg versus 对照组139.8/83.1 mm Hg)。4年半间,因脑卒中需要接受治疗的患者数为141人.

该研究的局限性之一是叶酸剂量固定为0.8mg,对于特定MTHFR基因型及基线叶酸水平患者的最佳补充剂量不清楚。其次,该研究结果外推性有限,特别是不能推广到无高血压的成年人。再次,该研究是针对主要结局变量设计的,“对于次要结局变量的检验效能不足,特别是出血性脑卒中、心肌梗塞及总死亡率”。

Stampfer和Willett认为,这些“重大发现”可能低估了叶酸疗法的作用,因为研究对象的治疗依从性不是很好,而且对照组的叶酸水平也出现了升高,此外,由于伦理问题该研究提前终止,如果能继续进行的话可能会得到更有力的结果。

原始出处:

Parker Brown.ACC: Folate Supplements Cut Strokes in Hypertension.Medpagetoday

Huo Y1, Li J1, Qin X2, Huang Y3, Wang X4, Gottesman RF5, Tang G6, Wang B2, Chen D7, He M8, Fu J9, Cai Y10, Shi X9, Zhang Y1, Cui Y11, Sun N12, Li X13, Cheng X14, Wang J15, Yang X16, Yang T17, Xiao C18, Zhao G19, Dong Q20, Zhu D21, Wang X22, Ge J23, Zhao L24, Hu D12, Liu L25, Hou FF26; CSPPT Investigators.Efficacy of Folic Acid Therapy in Primary Prevention of Stroke Among Adults With Hypertension in China: The CSPPT Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA. 2015 Mar 15. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.2274. [pdf free]

Stampfer M1, Willett W1.Folate Supplements for Stroke Prevention: Targeted Trial Trumps the Rest.JAMA. 2015 Mar 15. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.1961. [Epub ahead of print]

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    0

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    2015-05-07 900311song

    有点明白为什么中国北方居民高血压高发了

    0

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    2015-03-23 lovetcm

    该研究亮点之一就是按照基因型分组进行分层分析。最大特色

    0