支架术与手术治疗先天性主动脉缩窄血流动力学效果均良好

2012-02-06 MedSci MedSci原创

Stenting, Surgery Achieve Good Hemodynamic Outcomes in Native Aortic Coarctation  2011年12月13日美国心脏病学会杂志发表的一项观察性研究结果显示,对于先天性主动脉缩窄,与单纯手术或球囊血管成形术相比,支架术可减少急性并发症,但支架术与外科手术均有良好的中期血流动力学效果。   

Stenting, Surgery Achieve Good Hemodynamic Outcomes in Native Aortic Coarctation

 2011年12月13日美国心脏病学会杂志发表的一项观察性研究结果显示,对于先天性主动脉缩窄,与单纯手术或球囊血管成形术相比,支架术可减少急性并发症,但支架术与外科手术均有良好的中期血流动力学效果。

    根据密歇根儿童医院的Thomas J. Forbes博士和同事们的论文,先天性主动脉缩窄占全部先天性心脏病的4%~5%,对于何种治疗是最佳方法仍存在争议。为阐述这一问题,来自“先天性心血管介入研究联盟”的Forbes博士与研究者们调查了美国36所研究机构的350例患者,这些患者于2002年6月~2009年7月接受支架置入(n=217)、球囊血管成形术(n= 61)或外科手术(n= 72)以治疗先天性主动脉缩窄,疗法的选择是基于研究者或介入医生的偏好。

    与接受外科手术或者球囊血管成形术的患者相比,接受支架置入的患者年龄较大(平均年龄分别是17岁 vs. 10岁和9岁,P<0.001)、体重更大(分别是55kg vs. 35kg和30kg,P<0.001)。

    早期并发症结果支持支架术

    主要终点是上、下肢收缩期压差,支架术可最大程度地降低总体并发症和减少主动脉壁损伤,而且患者住院时间最短(表1)。

    表1:即刻效果

  支架术
(n=217)
    球囊血管成形术
            (n=61)
                外科手术
                  (n=72)
    P值
 出院时收缩期压差  4.9±13.2         10.3±12.9                  7.7 ± 18.2  0.032
      并发症      2.3%           9.8%             18.1%  < 0.001
  主动脉壁损伤       0        9.8%              NAa  <0.001
    住院天数     2.4            3.6              6.4   <0.001

              a不作为外科手术患者的常规评估指标

    控制年龄和体重的多变量分析显示,在上、下肢收缩期压差方面,支架术组优于球囊血管成形术组(P=0.008),而其它方面与外科手术效果相当。

    重要的是,各试验组均无死亡病例。调整混杂因素后,与球囊血管成形术(OR=5.72; 95% CI:1.59~20.52; P=0.008)以及手术(OR=11.23; 95% CI:3.66~34.51;P<0.001)相比,支架置入术并发症更少。

    18个月后中期随访时,支架组(1.9±13.7)、血管成形术组(5.5±14.3)和外科手术组(-1.4±13.9;P= 0.118)患者的收缩期压差相等,但外科手术组患者压差低于10mmHg的所占比例最多(75%,55%和90%,P=0.032)。

    三组患者的安静血压无差异,特别是与球囊成形术相比,支架组并发症较低,(表2)。

    表2:中期并发症

  支架术(n=56) 球囊血管成形术(n=16) 外科手术(n=16) P值

并发症

    12.5%                   43.8%  25.0% 0.020

主动脉壁损伤

        7.1%                  43.8%  12.5%  0.003

动脉瘤

    5.4%

                  43.8%   12.5%

<0.001

    平均随访1.7年时总共有54名受试者接受再次置入术,其中超过半数(n=35)来自支架术组,再次置入是该组部分患者(占16.1%)计划进行的手术。三组患者的非计划再次置入率都低并且相似。

     “与外科手术患者和球囊血管成形术患者相比,支架术组患者急性并发症较低。”研究者总结道,“短期与中期随访中,与球囊血管成形术相比,支架和手术患者获得了更优的血流动力学效果以及综合主动脉成像效果”。

    明显失败

    在接受TCTMD的电话采访时,Forbes博士评论研究中的三种治疗方式时说,血管成形术是明显失败的,主要因为这组患者最有可能发生主动脉壁损伤有关的并发症。

    他解释道,对于新生儿先天性主动脉缩窄的治疗不存在争议。“大家都很赞成做手术治疗”,尤其是那些采用经典对端吻合修复术可以成功治疗的。Forbes博士补充说,“这种手术的问题在于,随着患者年龄增大,可以接受手术的可能性逐渐减小。”

    在这项研究中,8岁以上有42%的患者接受了对端吻合术,12岁以上有25%患者接受,16岁以上患者几乎没有接受的。随着患者年龄增大,他们往往“需要接受其他欠佳外科手术修复,而且其它类型的修复术可能引发动脉瘤。”Forbes博士说。

    在经导管治疗盛行的年代,也存在一个平衡问题。“如果我们把支架置入到4岁儿童体内,他们长大后会进一步扩张支架,”Forbes博士说。预计支架术组患者再次介入的比例更高。

    支架术与手术 取舍尚未确定 

    该研究对临床的指导意义是,“球囊血管成形术不应作为治疗选择,”Forbes博士说,“但是,是否可以从球囊血管成形术改做外科手术或者支架,我还不确定。直觉告诉我,即使对患儿进行了球囊血管成形术,他们长大后可能还是要置入支架的。”但是外科手术仍有重要作用,Forbes博士强调,“漂亮的端端吻合术对于缩窄范围短的患儿是最佳治疗方法。”他说。

    然而,“根据缩窄的解剖学情况,有学者倾向于8岁以上患儿接受支架术,因为这个年龄段的多数患儿都不适于接受经典的对端吻合术,”他指出论文的最大争议在于4~8岁患儿如何治疗?治疗效果会怎样?。 

    原始链接:http://www.tctmd.com/txshow.aspx?id=110450&trid=2

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    2014-12-03 39.64.95.166

    您好,孩子六岁,降主动脉缩窄0.3~0.4之间,适合做什么治疗,手术适合多大做、

    0

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    2012-07-08 qindq
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    2012-02-08 huirong
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