Physical Chemistry Letters:你听说过吗?这种癌症疗法会让患者增加一种“超能力”...

2021-12-13 “中国生物技术网”微信公众号 “中国生物技术网”微信公众号

这一发现甚至可以用来帮助治疗某些类型的失明或对光过度敏感的患者。

众所周知,我们人类的视觉系统并不出色,只对整个电磁光谱的一小部分可见。例如,想要在深红色或弱光条件下看见东西,人眼就无能为力了。

然而,接受过一种癌症疗法的患者曾报告,他们可以在黑暗中看到人影或轮廓。这种疗法就是光动力疗法(PDT),它是用光敏药物和激光活化治疗肿瘤疾病的一种新疗法。光动力疗法利用特定波长照射肿瘤部位,能使选择性聚集在肿瘤组织的光敏药物活化,引发光化学反应破坏肿瘤。

 

与所有其他类型的癌症疗法不同,光动力疗法还可能带来最奇怪的副作用之一,使患者增加了超能力般的“夜视”能力,即在黑暗中能看到更多东西。然而,科学家们还不清楚给患者造成这种“超能力”的原因。

近期,发表在《Physical Chemistry Letters》上的一项研究中,来自法国洛林大学、西班牙阿尔卡拉大学和南开大学的研究人员,通过全原子分子模拟和高水平的量子化学计算成功解释了这种让患者增加“超能力”的机制。

 

 

视紫红质(Rhodopsin)是负责我们视觉第一步的跨膜感光蛋白,由视黄醛和视蛋白结合而成。视紫红质通过一种叫做二氢卟酚e6(Ce6)的深红光光敏化合物触发增强了视觉敏感性,而Ce6就是光动力疗法的关键成分。

可见光触发视网膜与视紫红质分离,然后转换成大脑可解释的电信号。虽然对我们来说,在晚上没有多少可见光,但事实证明,这种机制也可以通过光和化学的另一种组合来触发。

因此,在被二氢卟酚e6(Ce6)触发后,视紫红质中的视黄醛可以异构化,从而启动视觉光转导级联,也就是使视网膜的变化方式与在可见光下相同。这就解释了夜间视力增加的原因。

在这项研究中,研究人员通过使用分子模拟来模拟单个原子的运动(根据它们各自的吸引力或排斥力),以及化学键的断裂或产生。

在模拟中,研究人员将一个虚拟的视紫质蛋白插入其脂质膜中,与几个二氢卟酚 e6分子,或水,或数万个原子相接触。该模拟运行了几个月,并经过了数百万次化学计算,研究人员能够准确地模拟红外辐射引起的化学反应。在现实生活中,这种反应只需要几纳秒就会发生。 

全原子分子模拟显示,当二氢卟酚e6吸收红外线辐射时,它与眼组织中的氧气相互作用,将其转化为高度活性的单线态氧,除了摧毁癌细胞外,单线态氧还可以与视网膜发生反应,从而提高夜视能力。

 

现在,研究人员已经知道造成这种奇怪副作用的化学物质,从而能够限制接受光动力疗法的患者发生这种情况的几率。

研究人员表示,这一发现甚至可以用来帮助治疗某些类型的失明或对光过度敏感的患者。当然,他们绝对不建议尝试使用二氢卟酚e6给自己带来超人般的夜视能力。

参考资料:

[1]https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02911

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    2022-01-27 anminleiryan
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    2022-01-19 mnda
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    2022-09-19 hb2008ye

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