Frederik Wenz教授:立体定向放疗(SBRT)优于常规放疗

2011-10-16 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

     Frederik Wenz教授   9月3-4日,第3届中德肺癌论坛在上海举行。在为期两天的论坛中,数十位国内外知名肺癌专家对2011年全球肺癌领域的学术热点、难点进行年度盘点,并和与会人士展开全面的交流和讨论。   德国曼海姆大学Frederik Wenz教授介绍了立体定向放疗在肺癌治疗中的进展。   杜克大学在20世纪90年代的经验提示,在非小细胞肺癌(N

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  Frederik Wenz教授

  9月3-4日,第3届中德肺癌论坛在上海举行。在为期两天的论坛中,数十位国内外知名肺癌专家对2011年全球肺癌领域的学术热点、难点进行年度盘点,并和与会人士展开全面的交流和讨论。

  德国曼海姆大学Frederik Wenz教授介绍了立体定向放疗在肺癌治疗中的进展。

  杜克大学在20世纪90年代的经验提示,在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)I期患者中,因内科原因不能手术,而仅接受放疗者,5年生存率为13%。 2011年的一项研究发现,立体定向放疗(SBRT)表现出量效关系,提示提高剂量后,疾病局部控制率明显改善,这就为SBRT提高剂量提供了理论依据。另一项临床研究显示,不可手术的早期肺癌患者接受SBRT,中位随访34.4个月,中位生存期(MST)为48.1个月,3年局部控制率为97.6%,3 年远处复发率为22.1%。

  不同高精度放疗技术,如根据淋巴结分期状态、四维靶体积定义、高度适形的治疗计划的制定以及影像指导下的放疗等等,使剂量安全递增,从而达到最大局部控制率。与传统分割放疗相比,SBRT的局部控制率由60%提高到90%,总体生存期OS明显改善。

  关于SBRT治疗中央型、不可切除早期肺癌的毒副反应的一项纳入了70例患者的II期回顾性研究显示,这些患者接受高剂量SBRT 3×22 Gy治疗,无3级以上毒性发生。有研究显示,当放疗剂量为105 Gy时,可获得95%的局部控制率,而此时量效关系达到平台。按照病灶所处的部位及大小,分为不同的风险程度,按照不同的风险程度,可进行不同的分割模式,例如:周围型靶病灶(<2 cm)采用1×26Gy,选择80%等剂量曲线覆盖靶区;周围型靶病灶(<5 cm)采用3×12.5Gy,选择65%等剂量曲线;而大的或中央型靶病灶(>5 cm)则采用8×6 Gy,选择65%等剂量曲线。

  在荷兰北部老年I期NSCLC患者中,从2000年到2005前后,接受SBRT的患者从0增长到55%,而相应地,未接受治疗的患者数大幅下降,从近40%减少为20%多,且人群的OS显著改善。经验提示,SBRT对肺功能的影响很有限,有些肺功能很差的患者,对SBRT的耐受性仍然很好。

  研究表明,在可手术但拒绝手术的NSCLC患者中, SBRT治疗后IA期患者的5年生存率为76%,IB期患者的5年生存率达64%,与接受手术治疗的历史对照患者的预后相当。

  目前SBRT已经解决了大多数技术上的难题,越来越多的证据支持SBRT,从而使不能常规治疗的患者多了一种治疗的选择,对于叶以下切除的患者,可以选择SBRT治疗而不必接受创伤较大的手术治疗。因此,SBRT需要从少数专科中心发展成为标准治疗。

  SBRT 可控制大多数患者的周围型肿瘤病灶(3年生存率达97%~98%),3×18 Gy或5×12 Gy的SBRT为常用的分割方法, SBRT在无合并症的不可手术患者中耐受性良好。

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    2012-07-21 zexyw10
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    2012-08-24 liao1632
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