eLife:工程师在人干细胞上施加“挤压力”

2015-02-11 崔倩译 MedSci原创

当使用光学镊子将一个微小的珠挤压在人干细胞外后,研究者知道了在细胞中机械力怎样引发的一个关键信号通路。 根据美国加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校生物工程师Yingxiao Wang领导的一项研究,挤压有助于释放细胞内储存的钙离子,并且可以打开细胞膜通道允许离子流入细胞内。 研究人员已经知道,作用在干细胞上的机械力,在细胞分化成各种组织—从骨骼到血液过程中起了非常重要的作用。但是,到现在为止,我们还不

当使用光学镊子将一个微小的珠挤压在人干细胞外后,研究者知道了在细胞中机械力怎样引发的一个关键信号通路。

根据美国加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校生物工程师Yingxiao Wang领导的一项研究,挤压有助于释放细胞内储存的钙离子,并且可以打开细胞膜通道允许离子流入细胞内。

研究人员已经知道,作用在干细胞上的机械力,在细胞分化成各种组织—从骨骼到血液过程中起了非常重要的作用。但是,到现在为止,我们还不清楚这些机械力怎样转化为促使干细胞建立新组织的信号。
发表在eLife杂志上的研究结果可以帮助科学家学习更多的关于“干细胞分化背后的作用机制”,生物工程副教授Wang说。他们还可以指导研究者试图在实验室重建这些机制,使干细胞发展成组织并用于移植和其他的治疗中。

Wang解释道:“围绕干细胞的力学环境可以掌控干细胞的命运,例如包围在细胞周围的硬组织,例如下颚,就有较高的张力施加给它们,从而它们可以促使较硬的组织例如骨的产生。”

另一方面,在较少刚度和张力的组织环境中,干细胞可能会缠上较柔软的组织,如脂肪组织。

Wang和他的同事们想了很多关于干细胞如何利用这些环境机械力转换成的信号来分化成更专业化的细胞和组织。在他们的实验中,他们对人类间充质干细胞施加了机械力。这类干细胞是在骨髓中发现的,可以转化成骨、软骨以及脂肪。

工程师使用的高度集中的激光束以捕获并操纵一个微小珠子连接到干细胞的细胞膜上,创造一个光学“镊子”将力施加到微小珠子。这种有镊子施加的力极小,约为200皮牛。(一个单元的力测量称为牛顿,1牛顿相当于一个苹果的重量被重力保持在地球上的力,1皮牛相当于1万亿分之一牛顿。)

研究人员指出,当细胞外没有钙离子循环时,这个力可以从一个细胞内称为内质网的结构里面释放钙离子。这种释放是由细胞内部称为细胞骨架的结构蛋白辅助完成的,并伴随着肌动球蛋白的收缩蛋白的机械力。当力引发钙离子从细胞外环境进入到细胞时,只有骨架进行了参与。

钙离子帮助提供了许多重要的细胞信号,Wang说:“他们经常在细胞内部引发分子级联,然后可以把信号输送到细胞核,从而打开或关闭基因的表达。”

这种类型的信号可能是机械力作用在干细胞和它分化成为其他类型细胞之间的一个链接,Wang说。他的研究小组计划将研究在多种类型的细胞中机械力对其他信号通路的影响,以了解更多的关于它们如何调控细胞命运。

原始出处

Tae-Jin Kim, Chirlmin Joo, Jihye Seong, Reza Vafabakhsh, Elliot L Botvinick, Michael W Berns, Amy E Palmer, Ning Wang, Taekjip Ha, Eric Jakobsson, Jie Sun, Yingxiao Wang. Distinct mechanisms regulating mechanical force-induced Ca2 signals at the plasma membrane and the ER in human MSCs.eLife, 2015;

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1972927, encodeId=8af219e292768, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=72d566e3a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#eLife#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6673, encryptionId=72d566e3a6, topicName=eLife)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/C2EFD5CFB07FE291138AD4FD0C98E3DE/100, createdBy=e3d52500031, createdName=膀胱癌, createdTime=Tue Sep 15 21:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068425, encodeId=7a44206842511, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59371088215' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Life#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10882, encryptionId=59371088215, topicName=Life)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Sat Aug 22 02:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17147, encodeId=863b1e14790, content=好文章,超赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Fri Feb 27 23:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16589, encodeId=5c5c1658924, content=很不错学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Fri Feb 20 09:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15741, encodeId=08e215e4180, content=小编评论亮了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 13:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-09-15 膀胱癌
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1972927, encodeId=8af219e292768, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=72d566e3a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#eLife#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6673, encryptionId=72d566e3a6, topicName=eLife)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/C2EFD5CFB07FE291138AD4FD0C98E3DE/100, createdBy=e3d52500031, createdName=膀胱癌, createdTime=Tue Sep 15 21:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068425, encodeId=7a44206842511, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59371088215' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Life#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10882, encryptionId=59371088215, topicName=Life)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Sat Aug 22 02:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17147, encodeId=863b1e14790, content=好文章,超赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Fri Feb 27 23:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16589, encodeId=5c5c1658924, content=很不错学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Fri Feb 20 09:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15741, encodeId=08e215e4180, content=小编评论亮了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 13:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-22 clmlylxy
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1972927, encodeId=8af219e292768, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=72d566e3a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#eLife#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6673, encryptionId=72d566e3a6, topicName=eLife)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/C2EFD5CFB07FE291138AD4FD0C98E3DE/100, createdBy=e3d52500031, createdName=膀胱癌, createdTime=Tue Sep 15 21:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068425, encodeId=7a44206842511, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59371088215' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Life#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10882, encryptionId=59371088215, topicName=Life)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Sat Aug 22 02:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17147, encodeId=863b1e14790, content=好文章,超赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Fri Feb 27 23:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16589, encodeId=5c5c1658924, content=很不错学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Fri Feb 20 09:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15741, encodeId=08e215e4180, content=小编评论亮了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 13:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-27 xiaoai5777

    好文章,超赞

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1972927, encodeId=8af219e292768, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=72d566e3a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#eLife#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6673, encryptionId=72d566e3a6, topicName=eLife)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/C2EFD5CFB07FE291138AD4FD0C98E3DE/100, createdBy=e3d52500031, createdName=膀胱癌, createdTime=Tue Sep 15 21:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068425, encodeId=7a44206842511, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59371088215' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Life#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10882, encryptionId=59371088215, topicName=Life)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Sat Aug 22 02:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17147, encodeId=863b1e14790, content=好文章,超赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Fri Feb 27 23:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16589, encodeId=5c5c1658924, content=很不错学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Fri Feb 20 09:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15741, encodeId=08e215e4180, content=小编评论亮了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 13:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-20 orthoW

    很不错学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1972927, encodeId=8af219e292768, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=72d566e3a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#eLife#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6673, encryptionId=72d566e3a6, topicName=eLife)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/C2EFD5CFB07FE291138AD4FD0C98E3DE/100, createdBy=e3d52500031, createdName=膀胱癌, createdTime=Tue Sep 15 21:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068425, encodeId=7a44206842511, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59371088215' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Life#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10882, encryptionId=59371088215, topicName=Life)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Sat Aug 22 02:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17147, encodeId=863b1e14790, content=好文章,超赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Fri Feb 27 23:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16589, encodeId=5c5c1658924, content=很不错学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Fri Feb 20 09:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15741, encodeId=08e215e4180, content=小编评论亮了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 13:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-16 windmilL1989

    小编评论亮了

    0