中山大学肿瘤防治中心“克服ABC转运泵介导的肿瘤多药抗药性研究”获重要突破

2013-05-06 驻地记者徐平鸽 医学论坛网

  中山大学肿瘤防治中心符立梧教授领衔的研究团队在治疗肿瘤的化疗方面,抗肿瘤药物的毒性及肿瘤细胞对抗癌药物的抗药性研究取得重要突破,研究团队的“克服ABC转运泵介导的肿瘤多药性研究”的研究项目取得重要突破。获2012年广东省科技进步一等奖和中国抗癌协会科技奖。   90%肿瘤死亡与 化疗抗药性有关 尤其是多药抗药性   据《2012中国肿瘤登记年报》显示,我国每

  中山大学肿瘤防治中心符立梧教授领衔的研究团队在治疗肿瘤的化疗方面,抗肿瘤药物的毒性及肿瘤细胞对抗癌药物的抗药性研究取得重要突破,研究团队的“克服ABC转运泵介导的肿瘤多药性研究”的研究项目取得重要突破。获2012年广东省科技进步一等奖和中国抗癌协会科技奖。

  90%肿瘤死亡与 化疗抗药性有关 尤其是多药抗药性

  据《2012中国肿瘤登记年报》显示,我国每分钟就有6人确诊为恶性肿瘤,而目前对肿瘤的治疗主要有三大方法:手术、化疗、放疗。手术与放疗是局部治疗,化疗是一种全身性治疗,能消除原发灶及转移病灶,能减少消除肿瘤的复发和转移,但是目前却有两大因素会限制肿瘤的成功化疗:其一,抗肿瘤药物的毒性,由此限制了更高剂量的应用,限制了其疗效;其二,肿瘤细胞对抗癌药物的抗药性,由于癌症而死亡的病人,90%以上与肿瘤细胞的抗药性有关,尤其是多药抗药性(multidrug resistance, multiple drug resistance, MDR)。所谓多药抗药性(MDR)是指肿瘤细胞对一种抗癌药物产生抗药性的同时,对结构及其作用机制不同的其他抗癌药物产生交叉抗药性。MDR是肿瘤化疗失败的主要原因,也是肿瘤化疗领域急需解决的难题。MDR肿瘤病人,目前临床上仍无良策。

  ABC转运泵在肿瘤干细胞中过表达是产生耐药主因

  “因癌症死亡的病人,90%以上与肿瘤细胞的抗药性有关,尤其是多药抗药性。”符立梧教授如是说,多药抗药性(MDR)是肿瘤细胞对一种抗癌药物产生抗药性,同时也对结构及其作用机制不同的其他抗癌药物产生交叉抗药性。也就是说,MDR肿瘤病人对一种化疗方案无效时,其他化疗方案可能也无效。目前,对MDR对MDR病人无计可施。符立梧教授解释,ABC转运泵在肿瘤干细胞中过表达是产生耐药的主要原因。ABC转运泵实际上是一种跨膜蛋白,有49个人员,研究发现其中11个成员与肿瘤的MDR有关,但最重要的是ABCB1,ABCC1,ABCG2过表达。

  泵“失灵” 泵减少 泵无功 三种研究思路克服多药抗药性

  符立梧教授向记者介绍,ABCB1不是人必需的生理功能,所以可以从泵方面着手思考克服多要抗药性:泵“失灵”、泵减少、泵无功。

  泵“失灵”靶点抗癌药物酪氨酸激酶抑制剂逆转MDR作用,符立梧教授研究组发现一些新的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKIs)抗癌药物,能抑制逆转ABC转运泵功能,并逆转MDR。符立梧教授介绍这些TKIs与传统抗癌药物毒性交叉少,同时,TKLS与传统抗癌药物合用的时候,少数会有协同。但是对MDR肿瘤细胞,多种TKI如Erotinib、Lapatinib具有体内外增加传统细胞毒类抗癌药物的敏感性作用。这为MDR肿瘤病人带来曙光。

  非抗癌药物Sildenafil(伟哥)、粉防已碱具有逆转MDR作用

  符立梧教授介绍,非抗癌药物如Sildenafil、粉防已碱等具有很强的体内外逆转MDR作用且对抗癌药物血药动力学没有影响,是第三代MDR逆转剂,具有开发应用前景。

  泵减少符立梧教授解释,泵减少主要是降低或沉默ABC转运泵的过表达来克服MDR。以siRNA技术沉默MDR1基因进行体内外逆转由ABCB1介导的MDR的研究,发现沉默MDR1基因能体内外增强MDR细胞对抗癌药物的敏感性,这为克服MDR提供了新思路。

  泵无功符立梧教授称,对MDR肿瘤细胞仍然有效的新抗肿瘤化合物如AMAD 、Bullatacin等天然化合物不仅对敏感细胞有效,而且对多种ABC转运泵介导的MDR细胞也具有体内外的抗肿瘤作用,能为开发新型抗癌药物奠定基础。

  介导MDR的原因十分复杂,但最重要、最常见的原因是肿瘤细胞膜上的ABC转运泵(ATP Binding Cassette Transporters)过表达。实际上, ABC转运泵有49成员,其中11成员被证明与肿瘤的MDR有关,但最重要的是ABCB1/P-gp、ABCC1/MRP1、ABCG2/BCRP过表达。结构上,它们为跨膜蛋白,功能上,将抗癌药物泵出细胞外,使抗癌药物在肿瘤细胞中的积累减少,从而产生抗药性。ABC转运泵在肿瘤干细胞中过表达,是肿瘤干细胞耐药的主要原因。我们目的是研究克服由ABC转运泵介导的肿瘤MDR的策略,为MDR肿瘤病人带来曙光。这些新的发现MDR肿瘤治疗是有用的,使药物更针对性地有效攻击和杀灭肿瘤细胞,也为发现更多的MDR逆转剂铺平道路。同时,还首次建立了以Fura 2-AM为探针荧光测定被国内外广泛应用于快速筛选MDR的逆转剂及进行ABCB1、ABCG2功能测定。

  符教授说,ABC转运泵并非肿瘤细胞特有,在正常的组织细胞如肝、肠、肾等均有表达。重要的是,有人把小鼠的mdr1/2(编码ABCB1)基因敲除,发现对小鼠的生命期无影响,表明ABCB1并非正常生理功能所必需。因此他们进行了如下系列研究:

  1、发现ABC转运泵的抑制剂(从抗癌药物中寻找、非抗癌药物中寻找、开发自主知识产权的抑制剂);

  2、降低或沉默ABC转运泵的过表达,克服MDR。

  3、发现不仅对敏感细胞有效,而且对MDR肿瘤细胞无抗药性的新的先导化合物,开发新型抗癌药物。

  该研究团队自1993年以来,在863、国家自然科学基金(6项)资助下,一直致力于克服MDR的研究,共发表142篇论文,其中包括Cancer Res (癌症研究)(5篇)、Mol Med(分子医学)、Cell Cycle(细胞周期)、Eur J Cancer (欧洲癌症杂志)(2篇)、Mol Pharm (分子药学)(2篇)、Mol Pharmacol(分子药理学)、Mol Cancer Ther(分子癌症治疗)、Brith J Pharmacol(英国药理学杂志)、Biochem Pharmacol(生化药理学) (4篇)等SCI论文73篇,专利6项。

  取得如下成果:

  1、首次报道多种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKIs)能逆转ABC转运泵介导的MDR;同时ABC转运泵也能将某些TKIs外排,阐明TKIs耐药新机制。发现TKIs 能增强传统抗癌药物对肿瘤干细胞的杀灭作用。这为临床上TKIs与传统抗癌药物的联合应用提供依据。

  2、发现非抗癌药物如Sildenafil(西地那非)、粉防已碱等具有强的体内外逆转MDR作用且对抗癌药物血药动力学无影响,为第三代MDR逆转剂,具有开发应用前景,实现老药新用途。

  3、发现具有自主知识产权的FG020326(咪唑类衍合物)具有强的体内外逆转ABCB1介导的MDR作用,且对传统抗癌药物血药动力学无影响,为第三代MDR逆转剂,具有开发前景。

  4、首次以siRNA技术沉默mdr1基因进行体内外逆转由ABCB1介导的MDR的研究,发现沉默mdr1基因能体内外增强MDR细胞对抗癌药物的敏感性,为克服MDR提供新思路。

  5、发现天然来源的化合物AMAD(姜黄素衍生物)、Bullatacin(泡番荔枝辛)、Secalonic acid D(黑麦酮酸D)等不仅对敏感细胞有效,而且对多种ABC转运泵介导的MDR细胞也具有体内外的抗肿瘤作用,为开发新型抗癌药物奠定基础。

  该项研究的创新和意义为逆转MDR提供了新思路、新策略,指导着TKIs与传统药物联合应用,为临床安全用药提供依据,为MDR肿瘤病人带来曙光,具有重大的社会效益。

    

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    2014-02-01 yzh409
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    2013-05-08 songbq
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