Nature Communications:脂滴生长新机制

2013-03-19 Zhiqi Sun 《自然—通讯》

来自清华大学、澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的研究人员近日揭示了一种脂滴生长形成的新机制,相关论文“Perilipin1 promotes unilocular lipid droplet formation through the activation of Fsp27 in adipocytes”发表在3月12日的《自然—通讯》(Nature Communications)杂志上。 领导这一研究的是

来自清华大学、澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的研究人员近日揭示了一种脂滴生长形成的新机制,相关论文“Perilipin1 promotes unilocular lipid droplet formation through the activation of Fsp27 in adipocytes”发表在3月12日的《自然—通讯》(Nature Communications)杂志上。

领导这一研究的是清华大学生命科学学院教授、清华-北大生命科学联合中心研究员李蓬(Peng Li)。现任清华大学生命科学学院副院长、973蛋白质计划首席科学家。其主要从事细胞程序死亡机制及代谢性疾病如肥胖症、糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化等的分子机制研究。曾在Cell、Nature、Nature cell biology等国际顶尖杂志上发表二十多篇有影响力的文章,其中发表在Cell上关于细胞死亡的研究论文被引用近3000次,被选为该领域最有影响力的论文之一。

脂代谢紊乱能够引起多种代谢性疾病如肥胖、糖尿病、脂肪肝、动脉粥样硬化等,严重危害人类健康。脂滴(Lipid Droplet)作为脂代谢的核心细胞器能够特异地储存中性脂,其数目和大小与脂代谢的平衡有着密切关系。然而直到现在科学家们对于脂滴的生长形成机制都知之甚少。

脂肪细胞特异性脂滴相关蛋白Fsp27是一种在能量代谢及肥胖症的发生过程中起着重要作用的蛋白。近年的报道表明它结合于脂滴表面,并且能够和脂滴结合蛋白Perilipin 共定位,同时具有促进细胞甘油三酯积累的作用。它在前脂肪细胞中不表达,而在脂肪细胞分化时大量表达;在棕色和白色脂肪组织中均有表达,但在其他组织中几乎不表达。

最新的研究证实,Fsp27具有促进能量储备、抑制脂肪分解、主导单房大脂滴形成的功能,参与全身能量的平衡与调控。抑制或敲除Fsp27导致大量小脂滴的形成、脂解增加、脂肪沉积降低。这些研究提示,通过影响Fsp27的表达可以改变脂肪细胞内脂滴的聚集形式,它可能是控制脂滴形态和数量的分子开关,从而成为治疗肥胖和相关代谢疾病的潜在靶点。然而目前对于Fsp27调控脂滴的形成的分子机制还不是很清楚。

在这篇文章中,研究人员发现Perilipin1(Plin1)是Fsp27的激活子。Plin1与Fsp27的CIDE-N结构域相互作用,显著促进了Fsp27介导的脂质交换、脂质转移以及脂滴生长。Plin1与Fsp27的功能性协同作用是脂肪细胞中高效脂滴生长的必要条件,耗尽任何一种蛋白均可损害脂滴生长。此外,研究人员发现Fsp27的CIDE-N结构域形成了同源二聚体,破坏CIDE-N同源二聚可以阻止Fsp27介导的脂质交换和转移。有意思的是,研究人员发现Plin1可以恢复Fsp27 CIDE-N同源二聚缺陷突变体的活性。

新研究揭示了脂滴生长和单房脂滴形成的一个新机制,证实Fsp27和Plin1协同作用通过启动增强脂质转移事件,促进了脂肪细胞脂滴形成。

doi:10.1038/ncomms2581
PMC:
PMID:

Perilipin1 promotes unilocular lipid droplet formation through the activation of Fsp27 in adipocytes

Zhiqi Sun; Jingyi Gong; Han Wu; Wenyi Xu; Lizhen Wu; Dijin Xu; Jinlan Gao; Jia-wei Wu; Hongyuan Yang; Maojun Yang; Peng Li

white adipocytes contain a characteristic unilocular lipid droplet. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying unilocular lipid droplet formation are poorly understood. We previously showed that Fsp27, an adipocyte-specific lipid droplet-associated protein, promotes lipid droplet growth by initiating lipid exchange and transfer. Here, we identify Perilipin1 (Plin1), another adipocyte-specific lipid droplet-associated protein, as an Fsp27 activator. Plin1 interacts with the CIDE-N domain of Fsp27 and markedly increases Fsp27-mediated lipid exchange, lipid transfer and lipid droplet growth. Functional cooperation between Plin1 and Fsp27 is required for efficient lipid droplet growth in adipocytes, as depletion of either protein impairs lipid droplet growth. The CIDE-N domain of Fsp27 forms homodimers and disruption of CIDE-N homodimerization abolishes Fsp27-mediated lipid exchange and transfer. Interestingly, Plin1 can restore the activity of CIDE-N homodimerization-defective mutants of Fsp27. We thus uncover a novel mechanism underlying lipid droplet growth and unilocular lipid droplet formation that involves the cooperative action of Fsp27 and Plin1 in adipocytes.

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