Anal Chem:抗菌药效评价新技术问世

2017-04-10 沈春蕾 中国科学报

近日,中科院青岛能源所单细胞中心与中山大学光华口腔医学院合作发表了基于重水标记单细胞拉曼成像的药物抗菌效果评价技术,可以实现在单个细菌细胞精度快速测量药物对细胞代谢活性的抑制性。提出 MIC-MA 指数单细胞中心主任徐健带领团队提出的“基于代谢活性的最低抑菌浓度”(MIC-MA 指数),与目前临床用药普遍依据的“最低抑菌浓度”(MIC 指数)相比具有重要的特色与优势,有望成为指导临床精准用药的新标

近日,中科院青岛能源所单细胞中心与中山大学光华口腔医学院合作发表了基于重水标记单细胞拉曼成像的药物抗菌效果评价技术,可以实现在单个细菌细胞精度快速测量药物对细胞代谢活性的抑制性。

提出 MIC-MA 指数

单细胞中心主任徐健带领团队提出的“基于代谢活性的最低抑菌浓度”(MIC-MA 指数),与目前临床用药普遍依据的“最低抑菌浓度”(MIC 指数)相比具有重要的特色与优势,有望成为指导临床精准用药的新标准之一。该工作近期发表于 Analytical Chemistry。

迄今为止,MIC 指数,即体外培养细菌 24 小时后能抑制培养基内病原菌生长的最低药物浓度,一直是微生物药敏试验、抗菌药效评价和临床抗菌方案制定的主流标准与主要依据之一。

“然而其测量不仅耗时耗力,且对实验室难以培养或生长缓慢的病菌无能为力。尤其关键的是,MIC 只能从抑制细胞数目扩增这一角度反映与测量药效,却无法检测处于 NGMA 状态的病菌,即在药物作用下已经不再增殖但仍然具备代谢活性的存活细胞。”徐健告诉《中国科学报》记者。

他进一步解释道,这种状态的病菌在临床上十分常见,如果在抗菌治疗中成为漏网之鱼,将贻误病情,引起复发性感染,进而诱导耐药菌乃至“超级细菌”的频繁出现。因此根据 MIC 制定抗菌治疗方案有可能出现“不够快、不够准、不够狠”的情况。

“够准、够狠、够快”

针对上述瓶颈问题,徐健带领研究人员开发了基于拉曼组的细菌药物应激效应成像技术,有效地克服了上述缺陷。他们的研究以导致龋病的变形链球菌与多种临床常见抗菌药物为模式,证明单细胞拉曼成像能够精确测量细胞利用胞外重水分子的速率,而后者与该细胞的代谢活跃程度呈高度的正相关。

与重水标记耦合的单细胞拉曼成像能够从对微生物代谢活性抑制的角度定量测量药效,让处于 NGMA 状态的细胞无处遁形,从而使抗菌治疗方案“够准”;对于绝大部分细菌、古菌和真菌,该方法能够测量同一样品内不同细胞之间在抗菌效应上的差异程度,评价病菌细胞群体或群落在药物作用下是否已被“赶尽杀绝”,从而使抗菌治疗方案“够狠”。

该研究的第一作者、中山大学光华口腔医学院与单细胞中心联合培养的博士研究生陶一帆表示,实验还证明,该方法能够在半小时内快速区分氟耐受型和氟易感型的变形链球菌,这一高度灵敏性对于评价抗菌效果是否“够快”具有重要意义。

提供共性技术平台

基于上述重水标记单细胞拉曼成像技术,研究人员提出了名为 “基于代谢活性的最低抑菌浓度”(MIC-MA 指数)的抗菌药效指标,即药物作用 8 个小时后所有细胞其代谢活性彻底且全都被抑制的最低药物剂量。“对于特定病菌和特定抗菌药物,MIC-MA 指数与 MIC 指数显着不同。”徐健称:“在本研究测试的三种抗菌药物的 MIC 剂量下,尽管变形链球菌细胞群体已经不再生长与扩增,但大部分的细胞仍然保持着一定的代谢活性。”

事实上,在高达 60 倍 MIC 的氨苄西林剂量时,仍然存在高比例的 NGMA 状态的变形链球菌细胞,这导致在抗生素压力消失时病菌“星火燎原”,发生复发性感染,也进一步说明 MIC-MA 在评价抗菌药效是否“快、准、狠”等方面,与目前临床上普遍参照的 MIC 相比,具有重要的特色与优势。

徐健指出:“传统 MIC 检测将受试微生物作为同质化的群体来看待,忽视了针对细胞之间药效异质性的考察与评价。而 MIC-MA 在单个细胞精度的药敏性与药效检测,对于研究考察耐药性形成与微进化机制等方面具有重要意义。”

单细胞中心前期已经证明拉曼组能够快速区分细胞药物应激机制。徐健期望,拉曼组技术将成为指导“个体化”临床精准用药与耐药性快检的新手段与新标准之一,同时,也为新型抗菌药物筛选与研发提供了崭新的共性技术平台。

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    2018-01-15 lsndxfj
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    2017-08-25 经常头晕
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    2017-12-24 AspirantSuo
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    2017-04-12 lhlxtx
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    2017-04-12 huagfeg