梅奥诊所研究人员发现肺癌关键基因

2012-04-27 卢秀玲 生物通

       近日来自美国梅奥医疗中心的研究人员发现了一个可促进最常见形式肺癌初步形成和致命性转移的基因。研究结果表明这一称之为基质金属蛋白酶-10(MMP-10)的基因有可能也驱动了其他形式的癌症。相关论文发布在4月24日的《PLoS ONE》杂志上。        研究显示MMP-10是由癌症干细胞样细胞

       近日来自美国梅奥医疗中心的研究人员发现了一个可促进最常见形式肺癌初步形成和致命性转移的基因。研究结果表明这一称之为基质金属蛋白酶-10(MMP-10)的基因有可能也驱动了其他形式的癌症。相关论文发布在4月24日的《PLoS ONE》杂志上。


       研究显示MMP-10是由癌症干细胞样细胞分泌的一种生长因子,癌症干细胞样细胞利用它来维持自身的活力。这些细胞然后驱动了肺癌及扩散,众所周知抵抗了常规治疗。

       研究结果为有可能治疗占美国癌症死亡首要原因的非小细胞肺癌带来了希望。研究人员发现关闭MMP-10,可导致肺癌干细胞丧失形成肿瘤的能力。当肺癌干细胞中的这一基因重新得到修复时,它们又可以再次形成肿瘤。

       梅奥医疗中心癌症生物学系癌症研究教授、资深研究员Alan Fields博士说MMP-10基因的这一能力让他们感到非常惊奇。

       Fields博士说:“我们的研究数据表明MMP-10在癌症中发挥了双重作用。它不仅刺激了癌症干细胞的生长,还刺激了它们的转移潜能。这或许有助于解释我们一直以来在来自许多肿瘤类型的癌症干细胞中观察到的现象。换句话说,癌症干细胞似乎不仅是启动肿瘤的细胞,也是引起转移的细胞。”

       Fields博士说他们对研究结果感到意外,是因为有几个原因:

       第一,癌症干细胞是自身表达MMP-10,然后再利用它促进自身生长。大多数已知的基质金属蛋白酶基因成员都是在肿瘤微环境即肿瘤周围的细胞和组织中表达。这些基因生成的酶参与打破将肿瘤困在原地的微环境,使得癌细胞扩散,这就是该家族其他基因与癌症转移相关的原因。

       “MMP-10基因编码了一种与癌症转移相关的基质金属蛋白酶,而这种酶实际上也是癌症干细胞生长和维持所必需的,这一事实让我们非常惊讶。我们本没有预期到该基因参与了这一过程,”Fields博士说。

        研究人员也没有预期到相比于构成肿瘤大部分的的其他细胞,癌干细胞生成的MMP-10要多得多。

        Fields 博士说:“MMP-10的作用是维持这些癌症干细胞的健康和自我更新,这也有助于解释为何这些细胞能够逃逸可摧毁其余肿瘤的常规化疗。这就是为什么肺癌在治疗后通常会复发,以及为什么它会扩散到肺脏的其他部分,以及附近的淋巴就、脑、肝和脊髓,而无法阻止的原因。”

        研究人员说该研究表明MMP-10过表达对于其他的人类癌症干细胞生存也有可能至关重要。他们观察到MMP-10表达与人类结直肠癌、黑色素瘤、乳腺癌、肾癌和前列腺癌的转移行为和干细胞样特性也有着相似的关联。

        目前研究人员正在探究MMP-10刺激癌症癌细胞生长的机制,并研究涉及出能够抑制MMP-10活性的抑制剂。

       “鉴于它在癌症干细胞和转移中的双重作用,靶向MMP-10有可能会对治疗这些肿瘤特别有效,”Fields博士说。 

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    2012-04-29 ycmayy
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