小知识:抽动秽语综合征

2015-11-30 大脑袋 煎蛋网

神经生物紊乱会导致患者不受控制地发出声音或做出一些动作,妥瑞症(又抽动秽语综合征、图雷特氏综合症)的症状较平缓,以至于许多病患根本没察觉自己出问题了。什么是妥瑞症?与其他心理状态一样,这种综合征的诊断需要观察到下列症状:至少一个声音抽搐并伴随着至少两个动作抽搐(通常为面部抽搐)抽搐开始于18岁前反复抽搐1年以上不存在其他造成该症状的原因症状表现虽然有些患者会公然爆发并脏话连篇,但大部分妥瑞症患者只

神经生物紊乱会导致患者不受控制地发出声音或做出一些动作,妥瑞症(又抽动秽语综合征、图雷特氏综合症)的症状较平缓,以至于许多病患根本没察觉自己出问题了。

什么是妥瑞症?

与其他心理状态一样,这种综合征的诊断需要观察到下列症状:

至少一个声音抽搐并伴随着至少两个动作抽搐(通常为面部抽搐)
抽搐开始于18岁前
反复抽搐1年以上
不存在其他造成该症状的原因

症状表现

虽然有些患者会公然爆发并脏话连篇,但大部分妥瑞症患者只表现为不那么严重的抽搐。主要包括发出类似嘟哝、清喉咙、喷气和吸气的声音,以及眨眼睛、抽鼻、鬼脸、耸肩等动作。

有些症状比较严重:会在奇怪的时间突然尖叫、大喊,发表不良评论,咒骂和竖中指等。

症状何时出现?

大部分患者会在5-10岁开始出现症状,但通常在青春期症状会减弱,许多人成年后症状会消失。

多少人患有妥瑞症?

据估计,妥瑞症大约影响了1%的美国人,其他地方妥瑞症患者大约占人口的0.2%-0.6%。男孩患病的概率是女孩的3-5倍。

妥瑞症的名字从何而来?

这个综合征是于19世纪末取自法国医师 Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette。在他对9名患者不受控制的抽搐和行为进行描述之后,他的导师 Jean-Martin Charcot 用他的名字为这个病症命了名。

妥瑞症是怎么得来的?

虽然确切的原因还不清楚,不过有证据表明皮质、额叶、基底神经节、以及与这些区域相接的神经通路异常,与该病症有关。

此外,研究表明这种病症是可以遗传的,只要父母有一人患有该病就可以遗传给下一代。然而,研究者尚未排除其他记忆和环境因素可能造成的影响。事实上,有理论认为,从遗传学角度上来说,妥瑞症可能与强迫性精神障碍有关,但是该说法尚未被证实。

有什么因素能触发相关症状吗?

妥瑞症患者反馈了各种会加重症状的食物和环境因素。食物包括:人工甜味剂、食品添加剂、苏打、糖、小麦、酵母、巧克力和蛋。其他常见刺激包括:清洁用品、疲劳、兴奋、烟、闪光、噪音、霉菌、压力和电视。

是否存在有效的治疗方法?

部分患者选择服用神经松弛剂来帮助抑制抽搐,但这会带来一些副作用,包括:体重增加、迟钝和镇静,以及其他非随意运动,类似帕金森的症状和颤抖。

许多人会靠意识和掩饰动作来隐藏抽搐动作,反馈技术也会有助于注意抑制。

患者除了症状外,会遇到其他麻烦吗?

分心和冲动,患有妥瑞症的患者会难以集中注意力完成任务,因此他们在学校和工作场所会很是挣扎。

教育工作者和监管人员发现,只要妥瑞症患者缓解了抽搐症状,表现就会大大提高,他们需要稍事休息释放一下一直压抑着的抽搐。

其他,包括延迟任务时间、简化指令、书写作业时给予口头指导,都会对患者有所帮助。

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    2015-12-01 1dd9921bm29(暂无匿称)

    神经系统疾病吗?

    0

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    2015-11-30 杨晨舟

    ?

    0