JACC:溶栓治疗对斑块浸润引发的STEMI效果更佳

2014-01-25 清热解毒2号 dxy

斑块浸润和斑块破裂都可导致血栓形成。斑块破裂时,坏死核心暴露于血液循环,成为血栓形成的主要诱因。而在斑块浸润中,蛋白多糖和平滑肌细胞被认为是血栓形成的主要刺激因素(图A)。由此可推测,溶栓治疗对斑块浸润引发的血栓比斑块破裂导致的血栓有更好的治疗效果。为此哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院胡思宁等进行了一项研究,旨在比较斑块浸润与斑块破裂引发的STEMI在溶栓治疗成功再灌注后残余血栓的负荷、分布及特点。研究

斑块浸润和斑块破裂都可导致血栓形成。斑块破裂时,坏死核心暴露于血液循环,成为血栓形成的主要诱因。而在斑块浸润中,蛋白多糖和平滑肌细胞被认为是血栓形成的主要刺激因素(图A)。由此可推测,溶栓治疗对斑块浸润引发的血栓比斑块破裂导致的血栓有更好的治疗效果。为此哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院胡思宁等进行了一项研究,旨在比较斑块浸润与斑块破裂引发的STEMI在溶栓治疗成功再灌注后残余血栓的负荷、分布及特点。研究结果发表在JACC上。【原文下载】

本项研究纳入29名使用替奈普酶治疗的STEMI患者,在成功溶栓后24小时至48小时内,所有患者在介入治疗前均对病变血管进行非闭塞性时域OCT成像。斑块破裂组平均年龄60.5岁,斑块浸润组58.0岁。29名患者中,6名因成像质量差而未被纳入。



OCT成像结果显示,斑块破裂部位在官腔最狭窄处(MLA)近端的占72.7%,远端占9.1%,而位于MLA处的占18.2%。斑块破裂的血栓评分明显大于斑块浸润(图B)。斑块破裂组,白色血栓主要位于MLA处,而红色血栓散布于病变血管节段(图C)。在斑块浸润组,除了一位患者发现斑块近端存在红色血栓外,其余患者只有白色血栓,并且主要位于MLA处(图D)。

对于成功溶栓的STEMI患者,斑块破裂组残余血栓要多于斑块浸润组。溶栓后,斑块破裂组血栓核心主要由血小板组成,红色血栓均匀分布在整个病变段的血管中。在斑块浸润组,白色血栓是病变处的主要血栓类型,红色血栓少见。

该研究的结论为,对于STEMI患者,潜在的斑块形态在血栓形成及溶栓治疗反应中发挥着重要作用。
但是,本项研究还存在一些局限性。首先,研究对象为溶栓成功的患者,样本数量较少。其次,OCT检查是在溶栓后1天内实施。在经过持续性抗血栓治疗后,血栓有可能会减少,残余血栓也有可能会被组构起来。再次,小的斑块破裂有可能被红色血栓覆盖,被检出率降低,这会导致斑块浸润的诊断被高估。

原文出处:
Hu S1, Yonetsu T2, Jia H1, Karanasos A3, Aguirre AD4, Tian J1, Abtahian F2, Vergallo R2, Soeda T2, Lee H5, McNulty I2, Kato K6, Yu B7, Mizuno K6, Toutouzas K3, Stefanadis C3, Jang IK8.Residual Thrombus Pattern in Patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Caused by Plaque Erosion versus Plaque Rupture Following Successful Fibrinolysis: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Dec 6. pii: S0735-1097(13)06354-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.025. 【原文下载】

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    2014-04-11 hbwxf
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    2014-01-27 lqvr
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