Nature:重磅!科学家发现能促进人类生殖细胞发育的关键蛋白

2017-04-18 生物谷 生物谷

胚胎发育的最初几天对于调节基因表达的分子而言是一段非常忙碌的时间,对于细胞而言,大量特殊的基因需要在合适的时间被精确开启和关闭。近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Nature上的一项研究报告中,来自洛克菲勒大学的研究人员通过研究阐明了分子DND1如何促进卵细胞和精子的适当形成,研究者表示,干细胞池中的特殊干细胞

图片来源:www.phys.org

胚胎发育的最初几天对于调节基因表达的分子而言是一段非常忙碌的时间,对于细胞而言,大量特殊的基因需要在合适的时间被精确开启和关闭。近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Nature上的一项研究报告中,来自洛克菲勒大学的研究人员通过研究阐明了分子DND1如何促进卵细胞和精子的适当形成,研究者表示,干细胞池中的特殊干细胞最终会产生卵细胞和精子,而且这些干细胞只会在DND1存在的情况下存活,该蛋白能够抑制一系列和细胞死亡的相关因子的表达,同时也能够抑制杀灭干细胞的炎症反应产生。

研究者Thomas Tuschl表示,我们已经知道DND1基因的突变会诱发生殖干细胞(germline stem cells)的大量缺失以及男性不育,如今我们知道其中的原因了。当一个基因进行表达时,其必须从DNA转录成为信使RNA(mRNA)分子,mRNA会将基因信息带到细胞核外,随后mRNA就会招募必要的建筑元件来产生蛋白质,在基因最终变成蛋白质的旅程中会“路过”很多地方,其中会有很多调节子提高或者降低最终所产生蛋白质的水平,而DND1就是其中一种调节子,研究者认为DND1的功能和mRNA稳定性增加直接相关。

然而研究者发现,这似乎恰恰相反,DND1能够结合到mRNA的特异性代码位点,同时还会吸引一些复合物靶向作用mRNA使其失去稳定性,从而就会抑制未来蛋白质的产生,这些特殊代码在mRNA中会到处复制,研究者表示,这些特殊代码的大量复制就意味着mRNA被消除的机会越大。同时研究人员还鉴别出了DND1靶向作用的所有mRNA,其中包括和炎症、细胞分化以及细胞死亡相关的基因,当细胞关闭这些基因的表达时,细胞就会停止mRNA的产生,然而早期产生的mRNA仍然会经历翻译的过程最终制造出蛋白质。

最后研究者Yamaji说道,我们认为,DND1能够通过靶向作用被关闭功能的mRNA分子,来加速mRNA从一个阶段向另一个阶段过渡,从而有效清除细胞中的mRNA;通过抑制促进细胞死亡的蛋白的产生,DND1分子就能够促进生殖干细胞不断生长,并且维持在一个合适的水平上。

原始出处:

Masashi Yamaji,Miki Jishage,Cindy Meyer, et al. DND1 maintains germline stem cells via recruitment of the CCR4–NOT complex to target mRNAs. Nature 543, 568–572 (23 March 2017) doi:10.1038/nature21690.

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    2017-08-14 liye789132251
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    2017-04-19 neurowu
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    2017-04-19 xxxx1054

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