Nat Comm:发作性睡病可能与hypocretin有关

2013-03-09 生物通 生物通

幸福这个话题在去年特别火,什么才能让我们感到幸福呢?家庭?金钱?爱情?现在,大洋彼岸的科学家们提出,一种多肽能够让我们感到幸福。 时至今日,人们对人类情感和社交行为背后的神经化学改变并不了解。加州大学洛杉矶分校UCLA的科学家们,首次检测了一种特殊多肽在人体内的释放情况。他们发现,当人感到开心时这种被称为hypocretin的神经递质显著增加,当人感到悲伤时该多肽水平减少。文章于3月5发表在Na

幸福这个话题在去年特别火,什么才能让我们感到幸福呢?家庭?金钱?爱情?现在,大洋彼岸的科学家们提出,一种多肽能够让我们感到幸福。

时至今日,人们对人类情感和社交行为背后的神经化学改变并不了解。加州大学洛杉矶分校UCLA的科学家们,首次检测了一种特殊多肽在人体内的释放情况。他们发现,当人感到开心时这种被称为hypocretin的神经递质显著增加,当人感到悲伤时该多肽水平减少。文章于3月5发表在Nature Communications杂志的网络版上。

研究指出,增加hypocretin可以提升人类的情绪和警惕性,通过靶标这类可量化的大脑异常,将有望治疗抑郁症等精神疾病。此外,这项研究还首次检测了MCH(melanin concentrating hormone)的释放情况。研究人员发现,MCH水平在清醒时最低,在睡眠时显著升高,说明这种多肽具有令人嗜睡的关键作用。

“这项研究能帮助我们理解,发作性睡病narcolepsy以及经常伴随这一疾病发生的抑郁,”文章资深作者,UCLA的Jerome Siegel教授说。“研究也表明,hypocretin缺陷还可能导致其他类型的抑郁。”

Siegel团队2000年发表的文章显示,发作性睡病患者大脑中的hypocretin减少了95%。由于抑郁与发作性睡病密切相关,Siegel的实验室开始研究hypocretin是否与抑郁也有所关联。

在征得患者同意的情况下,研究人员直接从八名患者的大脑获取hypocretin和MCH的数据。这些患者在治疗时需要在脑部植入电极,于是研究人员刚好可以用这些电极进行他们的研究。他们利用与肾透析膜类似的膜,和高灵敏的放射免疫法来检测hypocretin和MCH的释放。

研究人员在这些患者进行日常活动的同时进行记录,包括看电视、社交(如与医护人员或家庭成员交谈)、进食、接受治疗、和醒睡转换阶段。他们每隔十五分钟做一次记录,同时收集微量的渗透标本,并且在患者清醒时每隔一小时通过问卷评估他们的情绪。

研究显示,一般来说hypocretin的水平在情绪积极、社交和清醒时更高。相反,MCH的水平在睡眠时最高,在社交时最低。“这些结果展示了人类清醒和睡眠时的情绪特点,这些之前并未引起足够重视,”Siegel说。

目前,一些制药公司正在开发hypocretin拮抗剂作为安眠药。现在研究显示,这些药物可能在带来睡意的同时影响情绪。研究人员此前曾发现,hypocretin是啮齿类动物找乐子的时候必需的,该多肽在回避性行为中不起作用。现在研究显示,hypocretin能够提高人类的情绪和警觉性。

doi:10.1038/ncomms2461

Human hypocretin and melanin-concentrating hormone levels are linked to emotion and social interaction

Ashley M-Blouin, Itzhak Fried, Charles L-Wilson, Richard J-Staba, Eric J-Behnke, Hoa A-Lam, Nigel T-Maidment, Karl E-Karlsson, Jennifer L-Lapierre1 & Jerome M-Siegel.

The neurochemical changes underlying human emotions and social behaviour are largely unknown. Here we report on the changes in the levels of two hypothalamic neuropeptides, hypocretin-1 and melanin-concentrating hormone, measured in the human amygdala. We show that hypocretin-1 levels are maximal during positive emotion, social interaction and anger, behaviours that induce cataplexy in human narcoleptics. In contrast, melanin-concentrating hormone levels are minimal during social interaction, but are increased after eating. Both peptides are at minimal levels during periods of postoperative pain despite high levels of arousal. Melanin-concentrating hormone levels increase at sleep onset, consistent with a role in sleep induction, whereas hypocretin-1 levels increase at wake onset, consistent with a role in wake induction. Levels of these two peptides in humans are not simply linked to arousal, but rather to specific emotions and state transitions. Other arousal systems may be similarly .

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    2013-10-13 liye789132251
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    2013-04-08 ysjykql
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    2013-03-11 HinsMax