JNS:静脉窦支架置入治疗自发性高颅压的预后指标

2018-10-29 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

自发性高颅压(Idiopathic intracranial hypertension,IIH)发病率为1-3/10万人,主要临床表现为头痛、耳鸣和失明的风险。特征为ICP升高和腰穿压力升高,脑脊液正常,无脑积水和CNS占位性病变。


自发性高颅压(Idiopathic intracranial hypertension,IIH)发病率为1-3/10万人,主要临床表现为头痛、耳鸣和失明的风险。特征为ICP升高和腰穿压力升高,脑脊液正常,无脑积水和CNS占位性病变。

19th世纪后期首先报道,常见于肥胖和育龄期女性,其病理生理机制尚不清楚。IIH的内科治疗方法主要包括减肥和降低ICP的药物。当内科治疗失败后可以采取外科治疗措施,比如CSF分流,包括置入分流管或视神经鞘开窗术。不过,分流术比如CSF腹腔分流术面临很多问题,比如脑室较小和患者肥胖给手术带来难度和并发症,压力调整困难,这都会增加分流失败率。

IIH的推定机制包括静脉高压和CSF吸收障碍。影像学研究常可以见到静脉窦狭窄,原因可能为窦腔内障碍物如蛛网膜颗粒,也可能为外源性压迫比如脑组织水肿。静脉窦支架置入术(dural venous sinus stenting,DVSS)治疗静脉窦狭窄是一种微创的方法,有望代替外科分流术。

支架置入后能够改善早期的临床症状,但是能不能长期去除狭窄、压力梯度和控制ICP,尚不清楚。此外,影像学解剖狭窄与颅内压升高之间的关系也不清楚。最近Cochrane分析显示置入支架和CSF分流术介不是优选的技术。支架置入作为治疗IIH的一线策略也存在争议。

2018年9月来自英国的Hasan Asif等在JNS上公布了他们的研究结果,报道了IIH患者经过DVSS治疗3-4个月后的临床、放射学和压力参数等预后指标。

在作者的医院,所有内科治疗无效的IIH患者都进行连续ICP监测、导管脑静脉造影和测压。如果狭窄部位存在明显的压力梯度(8 mmHg),会采用DVSS替代外科CSF分流术,并且在手术后3-4个月复查静脉造影和测压。

120天内共41例患者进行了DVSS静脉造影术。与支架前基线压力相比,DVSS手术后3-4个月窦压力降低了11-15 mmHg,不管DVSS是首次手术还是二次手术(外科分流后)。影像学显示狭窄消失于压力梯度降低有关。DVSS的并发症发生率为4.9%,120天时87.8%的患者不需要进一步治疗。至少20%的患者发生DVSS后再狭窄,仅63.3%的患者显示视乳头水肿得到缓解。

最终作者认为DVSS手术后可以观察到静脉窦压力的降低。DVSS并发症低于外科分流术,但是临床预后指标数据的说服力较弱。为了比较DVSS和外科分流手术,应该进行前瞻性随机试验。

原始出处:

Asif H,et al.Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: 120-day clinical, radiological, and manometric outcomes after stent insertion into the dural venous sinus.J Neurosurg. 2018 Sep;129(3):723-731. doi: 10.3171/2017.4.JNS162871. Epub 2017 Oct 6.

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    2019-04-18 fusion
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    2018-10-31 sodoo
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