JAMA:研究者建议向所有成年HIV患者提供抗逆转录病毒治疗

2012-07-25 EurekAlert! EurekAlert!

华盛顿,哥伦比亚特区–据7月25日刊《美国医学会杂志》JAMA上的一篇文章披露,纳入2012年国际抗病毒协会-美国专门小组对罹患人类免疫缺陷性病毒(HIV)患者的治疗建议有:对所有的成年患者,无论其CD4 细胞计数如何,都应该向其提供抗逆转录病毒的治疗(ART);这是一期有关HIV/AIDS的专刊。 其它的新的建议包括对那些患有诸如结核病等某种机会性传染病患的治疗选项的改变和治疗时间的更改及ART

华盛顿,哥伦比亚特区–据7月25日刊《美国医学会杂志》JAMA上的一篇文章披露,纳入2012年国际抗病毒协会-美国专门小组对罹患人类免疫缺陷性病毒(HIV)患者的治疗建议有:对所有的成年患者,无论其CD4 细胞计数如何,都应该向其提供抗逆转录病毒的治疗(ART);这是一期有关HIV/AIDS的专刊。 其它的新的建议包括对那些患有诸如结核病等某种机会性传染病患的治疗选项的改变和治疗时间的更改及ART的选择。

亚特兰大艾滋病研究协会的Melanie A. Thompson, M.D.在国际艾滋病大会的一个《美国医学会杂志》的媒体简报会上介绍了这篇文章中的发现。

根据文章的背景资料:“自从25年前批准使用了第一种抗逆转录病毒药物以来,ART在强度、耐受性、使用简易性和可用度等方面的改善导致了机会性感染疾病数目及可获得ART地区的死亡率的大幅减少。在过去的2年中成为可用的新的试验数据及药物治疗方案使得有必要对在有丰富资源环境中的感染HIV的成年人的ART治疗方针做出更新。”

国际抗病毒协会-美国专门小组的Thompson博士及其同事对医学文献进行了一次审查,旨在寻找自上次报告(2010年)以来所发表的相关证据以及在过去的2年中发表的或是在科学性会议上以摘要形式报告的资料。该修改过的治疗方针所反映的是有关何时开始ART、最初及随后治疗的新选项、在特别情况环境中的ART管理、监测治疗成功及品质的新方法及抗逆转录治疗失败的处理等的新的资料。

该专门小组的主要建议包括:对所有感染HIV的成年人都建议进行治疗。研究人员发现,不存在作为反指征的开始治疗的CD4细胞计数阈值,但是建议的治疗强度和支持开始治疗的证据则随着CD4细胞计数的下降及在某些并发情况出现时而增加。病人的CD4细胞计数应该受到监测,同时也应对HIV-1 RNA浓度、ART的遵守度、HIV的耐药性及治疗品质指标等进行监测。

所建议的最初的治疗方案包括使用2种核苷逆转录酶抑制剂(替诺福韦/恩曲他滨或阿巴卡韦/拉米夫定)加上一种非核甘逆转录酶抑制剂(依非韦伦),一种由利托那韦增强的蛋白酶抑制剂(阿扎那韦或地瑞那韦),或一种整合酶链转移抑制剂(拉替拉韦)。文章的作者写道:“治疗的目标继续为最大限度、终身性及持续性地抑制HIV的复制以防止抗药性的出现,促进最佳的免疫恢复及改善健康。”建议对罹患或有风险罹患某些包括心血管性疾病、肾功能下降或结核病等并发性疾病的病人使用每一类药物中的替代药物。

转换治疗方案的主要原因包括有病毒学原因、免疫学原因,或临床失败及药物毒性或无法耐受药物等原因。可通过转变用药方案中的1种或更多的药物来转变病毒学上受到抑制的患者的用药方案以降低毒性、提高遵守度及对药物的耐受能力,并避免发生药物间的相互作用。研究人员写道:“确认的治疗失败应该得到及时的解决,并要对多种因素进行考虑”。

文章的作者得出结论:“尽管加强发现治愈那些已经感染者的努力及加强发现对那些尚未感染者使用的有效疫苗是至关重要的,但许多控制HIV/AIDS大流行所需要的工具已经近在手边。根除AIDS的工具包中的关键成分包括扩大HIV的测试、增加对聚焦于HIV治疗的参与、早期及持续性地获得ART,以及提高对ART遵守度的关注。这些必须出现在解决包括消除耻辱和歧视等健康的社会性决定因素的策略的情况下。”

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    2013-04-09 hxj0117
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    2013-05-14 mjldent
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    2013-06-04 stfoxst
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