第二代结肠胶囊内镜(CCE-2)“挑战”传统结肠镜

2011-12-16 MedSci MedSci原创

  结肠胶囊内镜(CCE)是一种无需镇静、镇痛和肠道注气即可完成结肠黏膜观察的新型非侵入性内镜技术。为了提高结肠息肉的检出敏感性,有学者在第一代CCE系统基础上开发了第二代结肠胶囊内镜(CCE-2)。近期,欧洲学者一项多中心、前瞻性、“头对头”对照研究显示,CCE-2对检出结肠息肉(不含微小息肉)有很高敏感性,CCE-2可能成为结肠检查的有效工具。文章发表于9月《消化内镜》(Gastrointes

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  结肠胶囊内镜(CCE)是一种无需镇静、镇痛和肠道注气即可完成结肠黏膜观察的新型非侵入性内镜技术。为了提高结肠息肉的检出敏感性,有学者在第一代CCE系统基础上开发了第二代结肠胶囊内镜(CCE-2)。近期,欧洲学者一项多中心、前瞻性、“头对头”对照研究显示,CCE-2对检出结肠息肉(不含微小息肉)有很高敏感性,CCE-2可能成为结肠检查的有效工具。文章发表于9月《消化内镜》(Gastrointest Endosc)。

  该研究共纳入欧洲8个医疗中心117例患者(平均年龄60岁),并将传统结肠镜作为金标准,前瞻性地评价CCE-2对≥6 mm结直肠息肉或肿物的检出情况。患者在吞服胶囊的10小时内或者在次日进行结肠镜检查。

  结果显示,CCE-2对≥6 mm和≥10 mm结肠息肉患者的检出敏感性分别为84%和88%,特异性分别为64%和95%。CCE-2检查假阴性患者7例,其中3例是因息肉大小不匹配所致,另有2例CCE-2漏诊息肉在进行再次读片后被发现。CCE-2检查假阳性的25例患者,其中20例是因息肉大小不匹配所致,另外5例CCE-2检出结肠息肉在结肠镜检查时未被发现。所有3例进展期结肠癌患者均被CCE-2检出。10小时内的胶囊排出率为88%。对于CCE-2检查,81%的病例有足够肠道清洁度。(首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院消化科 何振 整理)

  ■专家点评

  首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院 张澍田

  内镜检查一直是诊断结直肠癌最有效的方法之一,也是结直肠癌筛查的主要手段。在中国,甚至在西方国家,结直肠癌的筛查率仍然很低。结肠镜检查的不适感、潜在的并发症和恐惧心理是患者拒绝结肠镜检查的重要原因。侵入性更小的结肠检查手段,包括CT结肠成像(CTC)和结肠胶囊内镜(CCE)可能更容易被患者所接受。

  目前第二代结肠胶囊内镜(CCE-2)已经问世,欧洲的一项多中心、前瞻性研究评价了CCE-2的可行性、准确性和安全性。其结果显示CCE-2对检出6 mm以上的结肠息肉有很高的敏感性,优于第一代CCE(荟萃分析显示其敏感性为68%),但仍需两者的直接对照研究来评价他们的优劣性。

  能获得较高的敏感性与CCE-2的技术进步不无关系,CCE-2胶囊两端各有一个镜头可采集图像,镜头的视角从156o增加到172o,视野几乎可覆盖到结肠的全周。CCE-2具有可调节的帧率,胶囊运动状态下每秒采集35帧,静止不动时则每秒采集4帧,这样既节约了电量,也可在胶囊运动过快时采集到足够的图像。CCE-2电池可维持10小时以上。

  虽然CCE-2在技术和诊断水平上有了长足进步,但将其作为结肠检查的常规手段,甚至结直肠癌筛查的工具还为时尚早。目前仍没有关于CCE-2用于普通结肠癌风险人群的结肠癌筛查可行性和准确性的对照研究。在中国医疗资源相对紧张的情况下,CCE-2检查中医生耗费的精力和时间成本都太高,很难大规模应用。另外,患者真实的接受程度还不得而知。CCE-2作为一种新的检查手段,其成本效益分析仍需要大样本人群的研究。结直肠癌筛查不是一项一劳永逸的工作,其检查手段在整个筛查过程的总体敏感性应该比单次检查的敏感性更重要。胶囊内镜要想作为结肠癌筛查的有效手段还有很长的路要走。

原始出处:

Spada C, Hassan C, Munoz-Navas M, et al. Second-generation colon capsule endoscopy compared with colonoscopy.Gastrointest Endosc. 2011 Sep;74(3):581-589.e1.
 
英文摘要:
 
BACKGROUND:

Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) represents a noninvasive technology that allows visualization of the colon without requiring sedation and air insufflation. A second-generation colon capsule endoscopy system (PillCam Colon 2) (CCE-2) was developed to increase sensitivity for colorectal polyp detection compared with the first-generation system.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the feasibility, accuracy, and safety of CCE-2 in a head-to-head comparison with colonoscopy.

DESIGN AND SETTING:

Prospective, multicenter trial including 8 European sites.

PATIENTS:

This study involved 117 patients (mean age 60 years). Data from 109 patients were analyzed.

INTERVENTION:

CCE-2 was prospectively compared with conventional colonoscopy as the criterion standard for the detection of colorectal polyps that are ≥6 mm or masses in a cohort of patients at average or increased risk of colorectal neoplasia. Colonoscopy was independently performed within 10 hours after capsule ingestion or on the next day.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS:

CCE-2 sensitivity and specificity for detecting patients with polyps ≥6 mm and ≥10 mm were assessed. Capsule-positive but colonoscopy-negative cases were counted as false positive. Capsule excretion rate, level of bowel preparation, and rate of adverse events also were assessed.

RESULTS:

Per-patient CCE-2 sensitivity for polyps ≥6 mm and ≥10 mm was 84% and 88%, with specificities of 64% and 95%, respectively. All 3 invasive carcinomas were detected by CCE-2. The capsule excretion rate was 88% within 10 hours. Overall colon cleanliness for CCE-2 was adequate in 81% of patients.

LIMITATIONS:

Not unblinding the CCE-2 results at colonoscopy; heterogenous patient population; nonconsecutive patients.

CONCLUSION:

In this European, multicenter study, CCE-2 appeared to have a high sensitivity for the detection of clinically relevant polypoid lesions, and it might be considered an adequate tool for colorectal imaging.

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    2011-12-18 zhouqu_8
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穿越肠道的照相机——胶囊内镜

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