Molecular Cell:两关键信号途径协同促进干细胞分化

2015-05-06 佚名 生物谷

干细胞(stem cell)是一类具有自我复制能力的多潜能细胞。在一定条件下,它可以分化成多种功能细胞。同时,干细胞(Stem Cell)还是一种未充分分化,尚不成熟的细胞,具有再生各种组织器官和人体的潜在功能。在最新发表在国际学术期刊molecular cell的一项研究中,来自salk institute的科学家们发现了影响干细胞生长的关键信号途径,对于再生器官和组织研究具有重要意义。 &n

干细胞(stem cell)是一类具有自我复制能力的多潜能细胞。在一定条件下,它可以分化成多种功能细胞。同时,干细胞(Stem Cell)还是一种未充分分化,尚不成熟的细胞,具有再生各种组织器官和人体的潜在功能。在最新发表在国际学术期刊molecular cell的一项研究中,来自salk institute的科学家们发现了影响干细胞生长的关键信号途径,对于再生器官和组织研究具有重要意义。

 
研究人员指出,虽然目前已经知道wnt和activin两条关键途径对于干细胞生长分化为特定成熟细胞具有重要作用,但这两条途径究竟如何共同作用调控干细胞命运,其中的机制仍不清楚。
 
在该项研究中,研究人员发现这两条关键途径在机制上具有互补性,并能够激活大约200个参与干细胞分化的重要基因,这些激活的基因主要参与干细胞向特定组织分化的起始步骤。在调节基因转录激活的过程中,wnt信号途径主要负责基因复制和激活的起始,而activin信号途径则会进一步促进这一过程,提高基因复制和激活效率。同时,wnt和activin信号刺激的先后顺序非常重要,细胞在接受wnt信号刺激之前,activin信号并不能开启基因的转录激活。通过进一步研究,研究人员还惊奇地发现,wnt和activin信号途径还与调控组织器官生长的hippo信号途径具有重要关联,并且activin与hippo途径关键分子yap具有相反的功能,两者都参与转录延伸过程。
 
研究人员最后指出,很多研究已经证明wnt和activin信号途径都在癌症发生转移过程中发挥重要作用,虽然在该项研究中,他们发现wnt和activin信号途径能够协同调节干细胞分化,但干细胞和肿瘤的生存环境不同,表达的基因也存在很大差异,wnt和activin信号途径是否也在肿瘤细胞中发挥协同调控作用仍未可知,需要进一步的研究来进行探究证明。

原始出处:

Conchi Estarás, Chris Benner, Katherine A. Jones.SMADs and YAP Compete to Control Elongation of β-Catenin:LEF-1-Recruited RNAPII during hESC Differentiation. Molecular Cell, April 30, 2015.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2015.04.001

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    2015-10-14 维他命
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    2015-05-06 huaxipanxing

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