Front Immunol:大疱性类天疱疮的IL-13遗传易感性:治疗的潜在目标和预后标志物

2022-02-15 医路坦克 MedSci原创

大疱性类天疱疮(BP)是一种复发率高的老年性慢性自身免疫性大疱性皮肤病,严重影响患者的生活质量,导致疾病死亡。本观察性病例对照研究探讨了中国人BP患者细胞因子基因多态性及其临床意义。

点击查看:类天疱疮的分类 (medsci.cn)

    大疱性类天疱疮(BP)是一种慢性自身免疫性皮肤病,严重瘙痒多见于老年人。它的特征是皮肤起荨麻疹、红斑或痛性水泡,循环中抗半染色体分子BP180和BP230的自身抗体位于皮肤的基底膜区域和基底角质形成细胞。BP是最常见的自身免疫性水泡病,虽然罕见,但报告的发病率约为每年4.5-14‰。此外,在过去几年中,该疾病的患病率一直在显著上升。

    BP病变的组织病理学检查显示表皮下起泡,典型的表现为中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。虽然确切的机制尚不清楚,但已经确定的是,抗BP180的自身抗体可能通过三条途径触发BP。首先,抗体直接与BP180的胞外非胶原区(NC16A)结合可以引起构象变化,从而阻止半桥粒的自然组装。第二,抗体结合可导致基底角质形成细胞信号激活和半染色体解体,在BP的病理生理过程中起重要作用。或者,自身反应性IgG1或4的结合可以招募和激活中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞到基底膜,激活补体,从而释放和激活包括中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)和基质金属蛋白酶-9在内的蛋白水解酶,从而降解BP180的胞外部分。越来越多的证据表明,BP自身反应性抗体介导了一系列炎症反应,这些炎症反应可能在BP疾病的发病机制中发挥关键作用。这些包括补体的激活,中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的聚集,细胞因子表达的增加,以及蛋白水解酶的分泌。

鉴于它们在BP疾病中的重要性,这些细胞因子可能成为开发新的,有效的BP治疗策略的有希望的靶标。细胞因子通过调节细胞因子蛋白表达和细胞因子释放,调节自身免疫性疾病的易感性,发挥细胞因子功能。有趣的是,各种细胞因子的基因多态性在其他一些自身免疫性疾病中也有报道。然而,细胞因子多态性在BP病中的意义还没有得到充分的研究。

为了探讨细胞因子基因多态性在中国人BP患者中的分布及其临床意义,我们采用回顾性病例对照研究方法,探讨各种细胞因子基因多态性与患者血清细胞因子水平、临床表现及预后的关系。我们的目标是确定与BP最相关的关键细胞因子,并探索患者特征与这些细胞因子基因多态性的关系。

IL-1a(Rs1800587)、IL-1b(rs16944、rs1143627、rs1143634)、IL-4(Rs2243250)、IL-6(Rs1800795)、IL-10(rs1800896、rs1800871、rs1800872)、IL-13(rs1800925、rs20541)、TNF-a(rs1799964、rs1799964。检测血清中这些细胞因子的表达。统计分析患者的医学档案,包括基线特征和预后。

    我们发现BP患者血清中IL-1、IL-13浓度明显高于对照组。IL-13的核苷酸比例/基因型/单倍体频率/单倍型分别有显著性差异。IL-13(rs20541,rs1800925)与性别相关,IL-13基因型与复发显著相关。

    BP与IL-13基因多态性相关,且BP患者血液中IL-13浓度升高。我们的结果支持IL-13与BP的发病机制有关,提示IL-13可能是BP治疗的潜在靶点和预后标志物。

文献来源:Wang Y,  Mao X,  Liu Y,et al.IL-13 Genetic Susceptibility to Bullous Pemphigoid: A Potential Target for Treatment and a Prognostic Marker.Front Immunol 2022;13 

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    2022-02-17 jjjiang0202
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