晚期尿路上皮癌的二线治疗探索

2015-03-03 CMT 中国医学论坛报

晚期尿路上皮癌初治对化疗比较敏感,但对于一线化疗失败以及难治性晚期尿路上皮癌,尚缺乏有效的治疗,一直是临床工作中的难点。单药紫杉醇或多西他赛的治疗效果有限,而新的紫衫类药物卡巴他赛同样不甚理想,本次会议报告了的一项Ⅱ期临床研究显示客观有效率仅为5.3%,因此对于晚期尿路上皮癌的二线治疗,单纯化疗不是首选的治疗策略,与其他药物联合或者寻找新的靶点是其发展方向。相对于其他常见肿瘤,尿路上皮癌相关的

晚期尿路上皮癌初治对化疗比较敏感,但对于一线化疗失败以及难治性晚期尿路上皮癌,尚缺乏有效的治疗,一直是临床工作中的难点。单药紫杉醇或多西他赛的治疗效果有限,而新的紫衫类药物卡巴他赛同样不甚理想,本次会议报告了的一项Ⅱ期临床研究显示客观有效率仅为5.3%,因此对于晚期尿路上皮癌的二线治疗,单纯化疗不是首选的治疗策略,与其他药物联合或者寻找新的靶点是其发展方向。相对于其他常见肿瘤,尿路上皮癌相关的分子生物学研究进展滞后,不同程度影响临床治疗突破。但以MPDL3280A为代表的免疫治疗近年来带来了一些曙光,值得期待。

1.免疫治疗MPDL3280A为抗PD-L1单抗,本次会议报告了MPDL3289A治疗膀胱尿路上皮癌ⅠA期临床研究结果,共70例患者,73%为三线或三线以上治疗,其中PD-L1表达IHC2/3为33例,IHC0/1为36例,另外1例患者表达未知,IHC2/3与IHC0/1两组患者的客观有效率分别为52%与14%,中位PFS时间分别为24周与8周,3/4级不良反应发生率仅为5%,整体耐受性良好。而目前已经上市的抗PD-1抗体pembrolizumab,本次会议也报告了一项难治性晚期尿路上皮癌的ⅠB期临床研究,入组了33例患者,大部分同样接受过二三线治疗,结果显示客观有效率达到24%,其中完全缓解率为10%,中位疗效持续时间未到,但有效患者的中位PFS时间为8.8周,所有入组患者的中位生存时间为9.3个月。因此,抗PD-L1单抗以及抗PD-1单抗对于难治性尿路上皮癌的治疗带来了希望。

2.化疗联合抗VEGFR靶向药物Ramucirumab为抗VEGFR-2的单抗,本次会议报告了ramucirumab联合多西他赛与单药多西他赛比较用于晚期尿路上皮癌二线治疗Ⅱ期临床研究的中期分析,结果显示中位PFS分别为5.1月与2.4月,客观有效率分别为19.6%与4.5%,ramucirumab联合多西他赛治疗组显著延长了PFS时间,且具有统计学意义,该试验的最终结果值得期待。而另外一项紫杉醇联合帕唑帕尼小样本Ⅱ期临床研究也获得了较高的客观有效率,达到58%,其中完全缓解率为12%,疾病控制率达到了93%。

3.寻找新的治疗靶点本次会议仍然可以发现新的靶点被发现并进行相应临床实践,如mTOR抑制剂依维莫司、替西罗莫司以及新的PI3K抑制剂BKM120均有初步临床研究报道,另外EGFR以及HER2的双重抑制剂阿法替尼有可能临床获益。

基于这些进展,晚期尿路上皮癌的二线治疗逐渐有可能出现突破,单纯化疗已无发展空间,未来有可能出现免疫治疗与靶向药物的联合,这些均需要进一步探索。

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    2015-05-16 ljjj1053

    很不错学习了

    0

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