Nat Chemistry:新发现或将快速筛选抗癌化合物

2016-08-14 佚名 生物谷

图片来源:www.phys.org 近日,刊登于国际杂志Nature Chemistry上的一项研究报告中,来自芝加哥大学的一组研究人员设计了一种方法来制造目前很多化学家都无法合成出的小型多节且连锁的化学结构,研究者认为,这些特殊的化学结构能够被用来筛选可以抵御癌症的新型化合物。 很多化学家都将分节或链环作为其开发的化学结构的一部分,但在分子尺度下合成出繁杂的新型物质是非常困难的,而这项研

图片来源:www.phys.org

近日,刊登于国际杂志Nature Chemistry上的一项研究报告中,来自芝加哥大学的一组研究人员设计了一种方法来制造目前很多化学家都无法合成出的小型多节且连锁的化学结构,研究者认为,这些特殊的化学结构能够被用来筛选可以抵御癌症的新型化合物。

很多化学家都将分节或链环作为其开发的化学结构的一部分,但在分子尺度下合成出繁杂的新型物质是非常困难的,而这项研究中,研究者Liu及其同时就发现了一种能够在DNA单链上产生各种各样小型多节结构的方法,即尺寸为15-20纳米。Yossi Weizmann说道,此前无人可以成功制造出这样的结构,然而我们就发现了这样的方法。利用这些小型多节化学结构,我们就可以模拟细胞中DNA的变化情况,并且开发新型的工具来有效攻击对癌细胞生存非常关键的酶类。

DNA是一种长链分子,在活体细胞中,其必须自我缠绕才能够装入细胞核中,因此其处于超螺旋结构,而这种效应就类似于处于多节状态,这就好像一个带子拧地很紧一样,较短的片段就会转回原来的位置并且不断缠结,从而干扰DNA的功能。当DNA需要复制时,DNA拓扑异构酶就会揭开超螺旋,释放超螺旋结构中的张力,随后其会再连接被切断的末端以便DNA可以发挥正常作用。

文章中研究者就利用分节段的DNA结构作为探针来检测拓扑易构酶的活性,首先他们使得来自DNA单链和短片段分子的分节结构进行自身形成,随后形成DNA的四种碱基就会按照一定的准则互相联结(即A-T;C-G),因此通过挑取DNA短片段上的核苷酸,研究者就可以对吸附在长链上的片段进行操作。

利用这种方法研究者就能够制造出9种不同的节段状结构,当拓扑异构酶被引入到含有节段DNA的细胞中时,拓扑异构酶就能够切断这种分节结构,并且对其末端进行连接形成环状结构。随后为了检测抗拓扑异构酶药物的潜力,研究者在药物引入之前和之后分别进行检测,来观察是否这种药物能够抑制拓扑异构酶的活性,当前研究人员采用的凝胶电泳法非常缓慢,并不能有效筛选出合适的候选药物。

而研究者Liu就开发出了一种可替代的方法,他表示,我意识到我们并不需要看到节段状结构本身,我们仅仅需要看到酶类可以被“解开”,当节段状结构不能够复制时环状DNA却可以进行复制,因此利用能够结合DNA的荧光染料我们就可以轻松寻找能够复制的DNA结构。当研究者检测拓扑易构酶时,因为该酶并不能够使节段结构形成环状,而且如果DNA分子被解开研究者就能够检测DNA分子的复制情况,因此这种方法完全不需要进行电泳操作,而且其可以高效筛选出抵御拓扑异构酶活性的潜在药物。

目前研究者计划对化合物文库进行检测,同时期待FDA能够批准,研究者希望本文研究能够帮助科学家们有效筛选出抵御癌症的多种化合物。

 
原始出处:
 
Di Liu, Gang Chen, Usman Akhter, Timothy M. Cronin & Yossi Weizmann.Creating complex molecular topologies by configuring DNA four-way junctions.Nat Chemistry

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