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Virology：致癌病毒如何阻断人体免疫应答？

2015-01-28 伊文 EurekAlert中文

致癌病毒爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒EBV干扰素
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美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校和加州大学旧金山分校的科学家已经发现了一种致癌病毒如何击败人体的免疫应答。这一发现有可能有助于解释为什么某些癌症疗法无法治疗特定类型的癌症，这一发现还能带来更有效的疗法。 爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）是疱疹病毒科的一种病毒，估计每年它导致了20万例癌症，包括淋巴瘤、鼻咽癌和某些胃癌。更好的抗病毒药物可能帮助成千上万的患有这些癌症的人们。 包括EBV在内的许

美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校和加州大学旧金山分校的科学家已经发现了一种致癌病毒如何击败人体的免疫应答。这一发现有可能有助于解释为什么某些癌症疗法无法治疗特定类型的癌症，这一发现还能带来更有效的疗法。

爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）是疱疹病毒科的一种病毒，估计每年它导致了20万例癌症，包括淋巴瘤、鼻咽癌和某些胃癌。更好的抗病毒药物可能帮助成千上万的患有这些癌症的人们。

包括EBV在内的许多病毒携带了称为微RNA的小分子，它们使用这些小分子在感染中劫持宿主细胞的自然过程。病毒微RNA已知能阻止宿主细胞死亡，促进宿主细胞的生长并且抑制宿主细胞的病毒防御。然而，科学家尚不知道哪些病毒微RNA在执行哪些功能。

德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的研究生Jennifer Cox与副教授Chris Sullivan识别出了几种疱疹病毒制造的微RNA，它们阻断一种被称为干扰素应答的人类固有免疫系统的一个成分。体内的免疫细胞释放出干扰素从而阻止病毒复制，而这常常导致被感染的宿主细胞的更加缓慢的生长或者死亡。这组科研人员发现，几种疱疹病毒独立地进化出了类似的阻断宿主干扰素响应的机制。“我实在是惊讶于所有这些不同的病毒都集中在了阻断身体进行防御的同一种机制上，” Sullivan说。“作为一名生物学家，这是在进化领域中找到了黄金。”

有时候把干扰素和化疗联合使用从而治疗淋巴瘤。尽管这对于某些癌症是一种有效的疗法，它并不能显著地影响另外一些癌症。这项最新的研究已经证明了EBV淋巴瘤细胞对于干扰素疗法的敏感性更低。

“这可能解释在之前的干扰素癌症疗法的成功中观察到的变化性，”Cox说。“尽管这项工作并没有直接识别出新的药物，这些不同的肿瘤病毒汇聚到同一种策略上的事实让这成为了未来针对病毒性癌症疗法的一个令人激动的研究工作。”

原始出处：

Chen CJ1, Cox JE1, Azarm KD1, Wylie KN1, Woolard KD2, Pesavento PA2, Sullivan CS3.Identification of a polyomavirus microRNA highly expressed in tumors.Virology. 2014 Dec 12;476C:43-53. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.11.021. [Epub ahead of print]


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    2015-12-01 ms3892185887221420

    #Virol#

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    #阻断#

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    2015-11-05 mhm289

    #人体免疫#

    0

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    2015-01-30 jambiya

    #致癌#

    0

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    2015-01-30 clmlylxy

    #免疫应答#

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