Front Immunol:MPO-ANCA和PR3-ANCA肾小球肾炎免疫细胞浸润的组织学亚型比较

2021-12-02 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

急性肾损伤(AKI)是抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)相关性血管炎(AAV)的常见严重并发症,可能导致慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)、终末期肾病(ESRD)甚至死亡。

背景:急性肾损伤(AKI)是抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)相关性血管炎(AAV)的常见严重并发症,可能导致慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)、终末期肾病(ESRD)甚至死亡。致病性ANCA,尤其是蛋白酶3(PR3)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO),可通过肾内免疫细胞浸润引起有害的免疫反应,导致少免疫坏死性和新月体肾炎(GN)。然而,关于ANCA GN中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、浆细胞和单个核细胞浸润(巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞)的肾内免疫细胞亚型的系统分析仍然缺乏。因此,我们的目标是比较ANCA GN中不同免疫细胞浸润与临床病理结果的关系。

方法:从2015年到2020年,在哥廷根大学医学中心回顾性纳入53例经肾活检的ANCA GN;患者队列已在先前描述过(16-21例)。入院时,获取年龄、性别、入院前发病时间、诊断(MPA或GPA)时间和实验室结果的数据。使用CKD-EPI公式计算估计的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)。当需要时,所有病例间歇性地进行肾脏替代治疗(RRT)。RRT的适应症包括严重的电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱、容量超负荷或中毒性脑病。使用糖皮质激素(GC)进行静脉输液治疗或口服,并逐渐减量进行治疗。在肾活检时,所有患者都接受了GCs,之后根据ANCA GN的组织病理学确认,开始进一步的缓解诱导治疗。组织学上,中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、浆细胞和单核细胞(巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞)的浸润部分被量化为炎症的一部分。

结果:ANCA GN中性粒细胞浸润与肾小球坏死和严重肾损伤相关。在肾小管间质病变中,肾内中性粒细胞与间质性炎症、小管炎和间质纤维化/肾小管萎缩(IFTA)区炎症相关,代表活动性炎症病变。在嗜酸性粒细胞方面,浸润与严重的肾脏损伤、间质炎症和独立于肾小球病变的细胞管型有关,提示在ANCA GN的炎症和损伤中起着明显的作用。血浆细胞浸润与小管炎和间质纤维化相关,并与短期病程中的肾脏替代治疗有关。最后,在ANCA GN中,除了慢性损害(间质纤维化和肾小管萎缩)外,单个核细胞浸润还与严重的肾脏损伤和活跃的组织病理学损害(IFTA区域的肾小球新月体、间质性炎症、小管炎等炎症)有关。有趣的是,MPO-ANCA和PR3-ANCA GN的肾内免疫细胞浸润亚型不同,并与不同的肾小球和小管间质病变相关,提示了ANCA亚型中不同的肾损伤的致病机制。

图1 ANCAGN中肾内免疫细胞浸润的不同亚型。图示有炎性浸润的具有代表性的显微照片(比例尺:20 mm)。ANCA,抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体;GN,肾小球肾炎。

表1 ANCA肾小球肾炎肾内免疫细胞亚型的系统组织学评分。

图2 肾内不同免疫细胞浸润的相关性分析:(1)反映Spearman‘sr均值的热图显示ANCA-GN中不同免疫细胞浸润亚型之间的相关性,P值分别为:(2)反映Spearman’sr平均值的热图显示与药物有关的不同免疫细胞浸润亚型,星号表示P<0.05。ANCA,抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体;GC,糖皮质激素;GN,肾小球肾炎;NSAID,非甾体抗炎药;PPI,质子泵抑制剂。

图3 不同的临床参数和实验室标记与肾内免疫细胞亚型相关:(A)反映Spearman‘s r平均值的热图显示不同的免疫细胞浸润亚型与AAV的临床特征相关,星号表示P<0.05。(2)反映Spearman‘s r平均值(星号表示EP<0.05)的热图显示免疫细胞浸润的不同亚型与AAV疾病表现时的实验室参数有关。AAV,ANCA相关性血管炎;ANCA,抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体;BVAS,伯明翰血管炎活动评分;CRP,C-反应蛋白;EGFR,估计肾小球滤过率;IgG,免疫球蛋白G;MPA,显微镜下多血管炎;MPO,髓过氧化物酶;RRT,肾脏替代治疗;uACR,尿白蛋白/肌酐比率;UPCR,尿蛋白/肌酐比率。

图4 MPO-ANCA和PR3-ANCA GN肾内免疫细胞浸润的亚型。(A)反映Spearman‘s r平均值的热图显示了MPO-ANCA GN的临床、实验室参数和组织病理学结果之间的关系,星号表示P<0.05。(B)反映Spearman平均值的热图显示了PR3-ANCA GN的临床、实验室参数和组织病理学结果之间的关系。(B)反映Spearman’s r平均值的热图显示了MPO-ANCA GN的临床、实验室参数和组织病理学结果之间的关系。(B)反映Spearman‘s r平均值的热图显示了MPO-ANCA GN的临床、实验室参数和组织病理学结果之间的关系。啊,小动脉透明质增生;ANCA,抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体;ATI,急性肾小管损伤;BVAS,伯明翰血管炎活动评分;CI,间质纤维化;CRP,C-反应蛋白;CT,肾小管萎缩;EGFR,估计肾小球滤过率;g,肾小球炎症;GN,肾小球肾炎;i,间质炎症;IgG,免疫球蛋白G;I-IFTA,IFTA中的炎症。UPCR,尿蛋白/肌酐比值;v,内膜动脉炎。

结论:我们的观察表明,MPO与PR3相关的ANCA GN的不同病理机制导致炎症和肾损伤,并可能有助于在特定ANCA亚型中寻找新的治疗靶点。

原文出处:

Hakroush S,  Tampe D,  Ströbel P,  Korsten P,  Tampe B,Comparative Histological Subtyping of Immune Cell Infiltrates in MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA Glomerulonephritis.Front Immunol 2021;12

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    2021-12-04 Boyinsh
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    2021-12-04 villahu
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    2021-12-04 风铃826

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