JAMA子刊:Omicron虽温和,但放松管控将会导致死亡人数大幅反弹

2022-04-06 王聪 “生物世界”公众号

自2020年初新冠大流行以来,我国一直坚持“动态清零”政策,对新冠疫情的控制成效显着。与之相对应的是,全世界大多数国家并未采取严格的封控措施,这也导致他们的感染人数和相关死亡人

自2020年初新冠大流行以来,我国一直坚持“动态清零”政策,对新冠疫情的控制成效显着。与之相对应的是,全世界大多数国家并未采取严格的封控措施,这也导致他们的感染人数和相关死亡人数居高不下。

最近,新冠突变株奥密克戎(Omicron)成为主要新冠流行株,在全世界范围内引发新一轮传播,我国上海、吉林等地也出现较多感染

真实世界数据显示,奥密克戎的传播性大大提高,但同时也更为温和,导致重症和死亡风险的可能性较低。因此,有了一个值得思考的问题:解除现有的封控措施,是否会增加新冠死亡人数?

近日,麻省总医院、波士顿医学中心和佐治亚理工学院的研究人员在 JAMA 子刊 JAMA Health Forum 发表了题为:Projecting COVID-19 Mortality as States Relax Nonpharmacologic Interventions 的论文。

研究团队进行了一项模拟研究来预测不同时间点放松限制(放松戴口罩要求和社交隔离)后的新冠死亡率变化,模拟显示,在保持当前疫苗接种速度的情况下,放松限制会导致新冠相关死亡人数大幅反弹。

放松限制后死亡率不可避免的反弹直接归因于Omicron的高传播性,模型预测显示,如果是Alpha和Delta则不会有如此显着的反弹。该研究还显示,推迟放松限制的时间,并不能完全减少死亡人数的反弹。

该研究对传统的传染病模型SEIR模型进行了扩展,把人群分为易感者、暴露者、感染者、康复者、和死亡者。其中65岁以下的人属于低风险,未接种疫苗情况下感染死亡风险为0.5%,65岁及以上属于高风险,未接种疫苗情况下感染死亡风险为3.0%。疫苗接种则分为三种情况:0剂(未接种)、1剂(不完全接种)、2剂(完全接种)。接种1剂和2剂疫苗后,感染病毒的概率分别降低了46%和92%,死亡风险则分别降低72%和95%。

不同州在不同时间放松限制后,通常会导致死亡率反弹

该研究显示,放松限制后,相关相关死亡人数的反弹程度的最有力预测因素之一是社区的免疫程度,对于那些接种疫苗和/或感染新冠比例较高的社区,死亡人数反弹将不明显

该研究的通讯作者 Jagpreet Chhatwal 教授表示,这项研究充分表面,放松限制会导致大多数区域的新冠死亡人数反弹。放松限制恢复大流行之前的状态,还是面对死亡人数激增的状况,是一个艰难的抉择。持续推进疫苗接种,是减轻这种抉择难度的重要手段。

该研究还指出,高传播性的Omicron的流行会继续在全世界范围内导致重大损失,如果将来有传播性较低的突变株取代Omicron成为主流,那么放松限制导致的发病人数和死亡人数反弹也将大大降低。

总的来说,这项模型研究显示,虽然美国目前新冠感染病例在持续下降,但新冠仍会给美国带来重大损失。由于Omicron的高传播性,过早放松限制会导致发病人数和死亡人数的显着反弹。但即使推迟放松限制的时间,也可能无法完全避免死亡人数的反弹。

注:该研究是针对美国当前情况的预测。

原始出处:

Benjamin P. Linas, et al. Projecting COVID-19 Mortality as States Relax Nonpharmacologic Interventions. JAMA Health Forum. 2022;3(4):e220760. doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.0760.

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    2022-11-06 xjy02
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    2022-04-06 肿瘤克星

    JAMA上文章都是顶级的,谢谢梅斯及时上新

    0

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    2022-04-06 965850747

    学习

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